Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)
[b]Introduction[/b]. The airborne transmission of infectious diseases in livestock production is increasingly receiving research attention. Reliable techniques of air sampling are crucial to underpin the findings of such studies. This study evaluated the physical and biological efficiencies and dete...
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Institute of Rural Health
2014-09-01
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| Series: | Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/fulltxt.php?ICID=1120585 |
| _version_ | 1830441810978144256 |
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| author | Yang Zhao Andre J.A. Aarnink Wei Wang Teun Fabri Peter W.G. Groot Koerkamp Mart C.M. de Jong |
| author_facet | Yang Zhao Andre J.A. Aarnink Wei Wang Teun Fabri Peter W.G. Groot Koerkamp Mart C.M. de Jong |
| author_sort | Yang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | [b]Introduction[/b]. The airborne transmission of infectious diseases in livestock production is increasingly receiving research attention. Reliable techniques of air sampling are crucial to underpin the findings of such studies. This study evaluated the physical and biological efficiencies and detection limits of four samplers (Andersen 6-stage impactor, all-glass impinger “AGI-30”, OMNI-3000 and MD8 with gelatin filter) for collecting aerosols of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV).
[b]Materials and Method[/b]. IBDV aerosols mixed with a physical tracer (uranine) were generated in an isolator, and then collected by the bioaerosol samplers. Samplers’ physical and biological efficiencies were derived based on the tracer concentration and the virus/tracer ratio, respectively. Detection limits for the samplers were estimated with the obtained efficiency data.
[b]Results.[/b] Physical efficiencies of the AGI-30 (96%) and the MD8 (100%) were significantly higher than that of the OMNI-3000 (60%). Biological efficiency of the OMNI-3000 (23%) was significantly lower than 100% (P < 0.01), indicating inactivation of airborne virus during sampling. The AGI-30, the Andersen impactor and the MD8 did not significantly inactivate virus during sampling. The 2-min detection limits of the samplers on airborne IBDV were 4.1 log[sub]10[/sub] 50% egg infective dose (EID[sub]50[/sub]) m [sup]-3[/sup] for the Andersen impactor, 3.3 log[sub]10[/sub] EID50 m [sup]-3[/sup] for the AGI-30, 2.5 log[sub]10[/sub] EID50 m [sup]-3[/sup] for the OMNI-3000, and 2.9 log[sub]10[/sub] EID[sub]50[/sub] m [sup]-3[/sup] for the MD8. The mean half-life of IBDV aerosolized at 20 °C and 70% was 11.9 min.
Conclusion. Efficiencies of different samplers vary. Despite its relatively low sampling efficiency, the OMNI-3000 is suitable for use in environments with low viral concentrations because its high flow rate gives a low detection limit. With the 4 samplers investigated, negative air samples cannot guarantee virus-free aerial environments, which means that transmission of infectious agents between farms may still occur even when no virus has been detected. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:28:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0a2bc8fa5fe4f6b95f061636a725d43 |
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| issn | 1232-1966 1898-2263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:28:10Z |
| publishDate | 2014-09-01 |
| publisher | Institute of Rural Health |
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| series | Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0a2bc8fa5fe4f6b95f061636a725d432022-12-21T19:14:37ZengInstitute of Rural HealthAnnals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine1232-19661898-22632014-09-0121875194464471Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)Yang Zhao0Andre J.A. Aarnink1Wei Wang2Teun Fabri3Peter W.G. Groot Koerkamp4Mart C.M. de Jong5 Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, USA Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands Animal Health Service (GD), Deventer, The Netherlands Animal Health Service (GD), Deventer, The Netherlands Farm Technology Group, Wageningen University, The NetherlandsQuantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands [b]Introduction[/b]. The airborne transmission of infectious diseases in livestock production is increasingly receiving research attention. Reliable techniques of air sampling are crucial to underpin the findings of such studies. This study evaluated the physical and biological efficiencies and detection limits of four samplers (Andersen 6-stage impactor, all-glass impinger “AGI-30”, OMNI-3000 and MD8 with gelatin filter) for collecting aerosols of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). [b]Materials and Method[/b]. IBDV aerosols mixed with a physical tracer (uranine) were generated in an isolator, and then collected by the bioaerosol samplers. Samplers’ physical and biological efficiencies were derived based on the tracer concentration and the virus/tracer ratio, respectively. Detection limits for the samplers were estimated with the obtained efficiency data. [b]Results.[/b] Physical efficiencies of the AGI-30 (96%) and the MD8 (100%) were significantly higher than that of the OMNI-3000 (60%). Biological efficiency of the OMNI-3000 (23%) was significantly lower than 100% (P < 0.01), indicating inactivation of airborne virus during sampling. The AGI-30, the Andersen impactor and the MD8 did not significantly inactivate virus during sampling. The 2-min detection limits of the samplers on airborne IBDV were 4.1 log[sub]10[/sub] 50% egg infective dose (EID[sub]50[/sub]) m [sup]-3[/sup] for the Andersen impactor, 3.3 log[sub]10[/sub] EID50 m [sup]-3[/sup] for the AGI-30, 2.5 log[sub]10[/sub] EID50 m [sup]-3[/sup] for the OMNI-3000, and 2.9 log[sub]10[/sub] EID[sub]50[/sub] m [sup]-3[/sup] for the MD8. The mean half-life of IBDV aerosolized at 20 °C and 70% was 11.9 min. Conclusion. Efficiencies of different samplers vary. Despite its relatively low sampling efficiency, the OMNI-3000 is suitable for use in environments with low viral concentrations because its high flow rate gives a low detection limit. With the 4 samplers investigated, negative air samples cannot guarantee virus-free aerial environments, which means that transmission of infectious agents between farms may still occur even when no virus has been detected.http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/fulltxt.php?ICID=1120585Gumboro virus;bioaerosol;sampling efficiency;airborne transmission |
| spellingShingle | Yang Zhao Andre J.A. Aarnink Wei Wang Teun Fabri Peter W.G. Groot Koerkamp Mart C.M. de Jong Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine Gumboro virus;bioaerosol;sampling efficiency;airborne transmission |
| title | Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) |
| title_full | Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) |
| title_fullStr | Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) |
| title_short | Airborne virus sampling: Efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) |
| title_sort | airborne virus sampling efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus ibdv |
| topic | Gumboro virus;bioaerosol;sampling efficiency;airborne transmission |
| url | http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/fulltxt.php?ICID=1120585 |
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