The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic review
This systematic review aimed to evaluate existing randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies on the efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva.Searches with pertinent search terms were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-11-01
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| Series: | New Microbes and New Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297522001160 |
| _version_ | 1828087919506620416 |
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| author | Pardis Ziaeefar Narjes Bostanghadiri Parsa Yousefzadeh Julian Gabbay Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie Rosella Centis Mohammad Sabeti Giovanni Sotgiu Giovanni Battista Migliori Mohammad Javad Nasiri |
| author_facet | Pardis Ziaeefar Narjes Bostanghadiri Parsa Yousefzadeh Julian Gabbay Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie Rosella Centis Mohammad Sabeti Giovanni Sotgiu Giovanni Battista Migliori Mohammad Javad Nasiri |
| author_sort | Pardis Ziaeefar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This systematic review aimed to evaluate existing randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies on the efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva.Searches with pertinent search terms were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant records published up to Oct 15, 2022. Google Scholar and ProQuest were searched for grey literature. Manual searches were conducted as well for any pertinent articles. The protocol was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022324894). Eligible studies were critically appraised for risk of bias and quality of evidence to assess the efficacy of mouthwash in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in human saliva.Eleven studies were included. The effect on viral load using various types of mouthwash was observed, including chlorhexidine (CHX), povidone-iodine (PI), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), hydrogen peroxide (HP), ß-cyclodextrin-citrox mouthwash (CDCM), and Hypochlorous acid (HCIO). Eight articles discussed CHX use. Five were found to be significant and three did not show any significant decrease in viral loads. Eight studies reviewed the use of PI, with five articles identifying a significant decrease in viral load, and three not showing a significant decrease in viral load. HP was reviewed in four studies, two studies identified significant viral load reductions, and two did not. CPC was reviewed in four studies, two of which identified significant viral load reductions, and two did not. CDCM was reviewed in one article which found a significant decrease in viral load reduction. Also, HCIO which was evaluated in one study indicated no significant difference in CT value.The current systematic review indicates that based on these eleven studies, mouthwashes are effective at reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in human saliva. However, further studies should be performed on larger populations with different mouthwashes. The overall quality of evidence was high. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:18:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0a2bedba6bc430fae0272597c2a1ce6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-2975 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:18:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | New Microbes and New Infections |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0a2bedba6bc430fae0272597c2a1ce62022-12-24T04:55:40ZengElsevierNew Microbes and New Infections2052-29752022-11-0149101064The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic reviewPardis Ziaeefar0Narjes Bostanghadiri1Parsa Yousefzadeh2Julian Gabbay3Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar4Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie5Rosella Centis6Mohammad Sabeti7Giovanni Sotgiu8Giovanni Battista Migliori9Mohammad Javad Nasiri10Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranSchool of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USAClinician Scientist of Dental Materials and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranServizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, ItalySchool of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Corresponding author.Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, ItalyServizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; Corresponding author.Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.This systematic review aimed to evaluate existing randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies on the efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva.Searches with pertinent search terms were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant records published up to Oct 15, 2022. Google Scholar and ProQuest were searched for grey literature. Manual searches were conducted as well for any pertinent articles. The protocol was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022324894). Eligible studies were critically appraised for risk of bias and quality of evidence to assess the efficacy of mouthwash in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in human saliva.Eleven studies were included. The effect on viral load using various types of mouthwash was observed, including chlorhexidine (CHX), povidone-iodine (PI), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), hydrogen peroxide (HP), ß-cyclodextrin-citrox mouthwash (CDCM), and Hypochlorous acid (HCIO). Eight articles discussed CHX use. Five were found to be significant and three did not show any significant decrease in viral loads. Eight studies reviewed the use of PI, with five articles identifying a significant decrease in viral load, and three not showing a significant decrease in viral load. HP was reviewed in four studies, two studies identified significant viral load reductions, and two did not. CPC was reviewed in four studies, two of which identified significant viral load reductions, and two did not. CDCM was reviewed in one article which found a significant decrease in viral load reduction. Also, HCIO which was evaluated in one study indicated no significant difference in CT value.The current systematic review indicates that based on these eleven studies, mouthwashes are effective at reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in human saliva. However, further studies should be performed on larger populations with different mouthwashes. The overall quality of evidence was high.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297522001160COVID-19CT valueMouth rinseMouthwashesSalivary viral loadSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Pardis Ziaeefar Narjes Bostanghadiri Parsa Yousefzadeh Julian Gabbay Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie Rosella Centis Mohammad Sabeti Giovanni Sotgiu Giovanni Battista Migliori Mohammad Javad Nasiri The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic review New Microbes and New Infections COVID-19 CT value Mouth rinse Mouthwashes Salivary viral load SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic review |
| title_full | The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic review |
| title_short | The efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in human saliva: A systematic review |
| title_sort | efficacy of mouthwashes in reducing sars cov 2 viral loads in human saliva a systematic review |
| topic | COVID-19 CT value Mouth rinse Mouthwashes Salivary viral load SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297522001160 |
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