DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance
Increasing numbers of studies implicate abnormal DNA methylation in cancer and many non-malignant diseases. This is consistent with numerous findings about differentiation-associated changes in DNA methylation at promoters, enhancers, gene bodies, and sites that control higher-order chromatin struct...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Epigenetics |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2019.1638701 |
| _version_ | 1797678919899414528 |
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| author | Melanie Ehrlich |
| author_facet | Melanie Ehrlich |
| author_sort | Melanie Ehrlich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing numbers of studies implicate abnormal DNA methylation in cancer and many non-malignant diseases. This is consistent with numerous findings about differentiation-associated changes in DNA methylation at promoters, enhancers, gene bodies, and sites that control higher-order chromatin structure. Abnormal increases or decreases in DNA methylation contribute to or are markers for cancer formation and tumour progression. Aberrant DNA methylation is also associated with neurological diseases, immunological diseases, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. In this review, I discuss DNA hypermethylation in disease and its interrelationships with normal development as well as proposed mechanisms for the origin of and pathogenic consequences of disease-associated hypermethylation. Disease-linked DNA hypermethylation can help drive oncogenesis partly by its effects on cancer stem cells and by the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP); atherosclerosis by disease-related cell transdifferentiation; autoimmune and neurological diseases through abnormal perturbations of cell memory; and diverse age-associated diseases by age-related accumulation of epigenetic alterations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:06:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0b627c27eaa4058bb53299a04817d6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1559-2294 1559-2308 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:06:53Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Epigenetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0b627c27eaa4058bb53299a04817d6b2023-09-21T13:09:22ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEpigenetics1559-22941559-23082019-12-0114121141116310.1080/15592294.2019.16387011638701DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevanceMelanie Ehrlich0Tulane University Health Sciences CenterIncreasing numbers of studies implicate abnormal DNA methylation in cancer and many non-malignant diseases. This is consistent with numerous findings about differentiation-associated changes in DNA methylation at promoters, enhancers, gene bodies, and sites that control higher-order chromatin structure. Abnormal increases or decreases in DNA methylation contribute to or are markers for cancer formation and tumour progression. Aberrant DNA methylation is also associated with neurological diseases, immunological diseases, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. In this review, I discuss DNA hypermethylation in disease and its interrelationships with normal development as well as proposed mechanisms for the origin of and pathogenic consequences of disease-associated hypermethylation. Disease-linked DNA hypermethylation can help drive oncogenesis partly by its effects on cancer stem cells and by the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP); atherosclerosis by disease-related cell transdifferentiation; autoimmune and neurological diseases through abnormal perturbations of cell memory; and diverse age-associated diseases by age-related accumulation of epigenetic alterations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2019.1638701dna hypermethylationcancer stem cellscpg island methylator phenotype (cimp)brain diseaseimmune dysfunctionosteoporosisatherosclerosistetdnmtaging |
| spellingShingle | Melanie Ehrlich DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance Epigenetics dna hypermethylation cancer stem cells cpg island methylator phenotype (cimp) brain disease immune dysfunction osteoporosis atherosclerosis tet dnmt aging |
| title | DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance |
| title_full | DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance |
| title_fullStr | DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance |
| title_full_unstemmed | DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance |
| title_short | DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance |
| title_sort | dna hypermethylation in disease mechanisms and clinical relevance |
| topic | dna hypermethylation cancer stem cells cpg island methylator phenotype (cimp) brain disease immune dysfunction osteoporosis atherosclerosis tet dnmt aging |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2019.1638701 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT melanieehrlich dnahypermethylationindiseasemechanismsandclinicalrelevance |