Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone
We studied the thermodynamic properties such as the entropy, heat (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>Q</mi></msub></semantics></math>&l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/10/1430 |
| _version_ | 1827721091918856192 |
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| author | Rogério Jorge de Assis Ciro Micheletti Diniz Norton Gomes de Almeida Celso Jorge Villas-Bôas |
| author_facet | Rogério Jorge de Assis Ciro Micheletti Diniz Norton Gomes de Almeida Celso Jorge Villas-Bôas |
| author_sort | Rogério Jorge de Assis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We studied the thermodynamic properties such as the entropy, heat (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>Q</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and work (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) rates involved when an atom passes through a Ramsey zone, which consists of a mode field inside a low-quality factor cavity that behaves classically, promoting rotations on the atomic state. Focusing on the atom, we show that <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> predominates when the atomic rotations are successful, maintaining its maximum purity as computed by the von Neumann entropy. Conversely, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>Q</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> stands out when the atomic state ceases to be pure due to its entanglement with the cavity mode. With this, we interpret the quantum-to-classical transition in light of the heat and work rates. Besides, we show that, for the cavity mode to work as a Ramsey zone (classical field), several photons (of the order of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>6</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>) need to cross the cavity, which explains its classical behavior, even when the inside average number of photons is of the order of unity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:17:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0b71051d4ca4dea8cadd5684304ac74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:17:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0b71051d4ca4dea8cadd5684304ac742023-11-19T16:24:47ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002023-10-012510143010.3390/e25101430Thermodynamics of the Ramsey ZoneRogério Jorge de Assis0Ciro Micheletti Diniz1Norton Gomes de Almeida2Celso Jorge Villas-Bôas3Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, BrazilDepartamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, BrazilInstituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, BrazilDepartamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, BrazilWe studied the thermodynamic properties such as the entropy, heat (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>Q</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and work (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) rates involved when an atom passes through a Ramsey zone, which consists of a mode field inside a low-quality factor cavity that behaves classically, promoting rotations on the atomic state. Focusing on the atom, we show that <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> predominates when the atomic rotations are successful, maintaining its maximum purity as computed by the von Neumann entropy. Conversely, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>Q</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> stands out when the atomic state ceases to be pure due to its entanglement with the cavity mode. With this, we interpret the quantum-to-classical transition in light of the heat and work rates. Besides, we show that, for the cavity mode to work as a Ramsey zone (classical field), several photons (of the order of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>6</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>) need to cross the cavity, which explains its classical behavior, even when the inside average number of photons is of the order of unity.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/10/1430quantum thermodynamicscavity quantum electrodynamicsRamsey zone |
| spellingShingle | Rogério Jorge de Assis Ciro Micheletti Diniz Norton Gomes de Almeida Celso Jorge Villas-Bôas Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone Entropy quantum thermodynamics cavity quantum electrodynamics Ramsey zone |
| title | Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone |
| title_full | Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone |
| title_short | Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone |
| title_sort | thermodynamics of the ramsey zone |
| topic | quantum thermodynamics cavity quantum electrodynamics Ramsey zone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/10/1430 |
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