New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface Method
Few empirical and semi-empirical approaches have considered the influence of the geology, tectonic source, causative fault type, and frequency content of earthquake motion on lateral displacement caused by liquefaction (<i>D<sub>H</sub></i>). This paper aims to address this g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/2/35 |
| _version_ | 1818946092820070400 |
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| author | Nima Pirhadi Xiaowei Tang Qing Yang |
| author_facet | Nima Pirhadi Xiaowei Tang Qing Yang |
| author_sort | Nima Pirhadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Few empirical and semi-empirical approaches have considered the influence of the geology, tectonic source, causative fault type, and frequency content of earthquake motion on lateral displacement caused by liquefaction (<i>D<sub>H</sub></i>). This paper aims to address this gap in the literature by adding an earthquake parameter of the standardized cumulative absolute velocity (CAV<sub>5</sub>) to the original dataset for analyzing. Furthermore, the complex influence of fine content in the liquefiable layer (<i>F</i><sub>15</sub>) is analyzed by deriving two different equations: the first one is for the whole range of parameters, and the second one is for a limited range of <i>F</i><sub>15</sub> values under 28% in order to the <i>F</i><sub>15</sub>’s critical value presented in literature. The new response surface method (RSM) approach is applied on the basis of the artificial neural network (ANN) model to develop two new equations. Moreover, to illustrate the capability and efficiency of the developed models, the results of the RSM models are examined by comparing them with an additional three available models using data from the Chi-Chi earthquake sites that were not used for developing the models in this study. In conclusion, the RSM provides a capable tool to evaluate the liquefaction phenomenon, and the results fully justify the complex effect of different values of <i>F</i><sub>15</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T08:09:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0c004b2d5cd46fcac1630175ada3f1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T08:09:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0c004b2d5cd46fcac1630175ada3f1d2022-12-21T19:47:19ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122019-02-01723510.3390/jmse7020035jmse7020035New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface MethodNima Pirhadi0Xiaowei Tang1Qing Yang2State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaFew empirical and semi-empirical approaches have considered the influence of the geology, tectonic source, causative fault type, and frequency content of earthquake motion on lateral displacement caused by liquefaction (<i>D<sub>H</sub></i>). This paper aims to address this gap in the literature by adding an earthquake parameter of the standardized cumulative absolute velocity (CAV<sub>5</sub>) to the original dataset for analyzing. Furthermore, the complex influence of fine content in the liquefiable layer (<i>F</i><sub>15</sub>) is analyzed by deriving two different equations: the first one is for the whole range of parameters, and the second one is for a limited range of <i>F</i><sub>15</sub> values under 28% in order to the <i>F</i><sub>15</sub>’s critical value presented in literature. The new response surface method (RSM) approach is applied on the basis of the artificial neural network (ANN) model to develop two new equations. Moreover, to illustrate the capability and efficiency of the developed models, the results of the RSM models are examined by comparing them with an additional three available models using data from the Chi-Chi earthquake sites that were not used for developing the models in this study. In conclusion, the RSM provides a capable tool to evaluate the liquefaction phenomenon, and the results fully justify the complex effect of different values of <i>F</i><sub>15</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/2/35liquefactionlateral displacementresponse surface method (RSM)artificial neural network (ANN) |
| spellingShingle | Nima Pirhadi Xiaowei Tang Qing Yang New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface Method Journal of Marine Science and Engineering liquefaction lateral displacement response surface method (RSM) artificial neural network (ANN) |
| title | New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface Method |
| title_full | New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface Method |
| title_fullStr | New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface Method |
| title_short | New Equations to Evaluate Lateral Displacement Caused by Liquefaction Using the Response Surface Method |
| title_sort | new equations to evaluate lateral displacement caused by liquefaction using the response surface method |
| topic | liquefaction lateral displacement response surface method (RSM) artificial neural network (ANN) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/2/35 |
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