Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets
Viral proteases are indispensable for successful virion maturation, thus making them a prominent drug target. Their enzyme activity is tightly spatiotemporally regulated by expression in the precursor form with little or no activity, followed by activation via autoprocessing. These cleavage events a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/1981 |
| _version_ | 1827678409740779520 |
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| author | Taťána Majerová Pavel Novotný |
| author_facet | Taťána Majerová Pavel Novotný |
| author_sort | Taťána Majerová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral proteases are indispensable for successful virion maturation, thus making them a prominent drug target. Their enzyme activity is tightly spatiotemporally regulated by expression in the precursor form with little or no activity, followed by activation via autoprocessing. These cleavage events are frequently triggered upon transportation to a specific compartment inside the host cell. Typically, precursor oligomerization or the presence of a co-factor is needed for activation. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms will allow ligands with non-canonical mechanisms of action to be designed, which would specifically modulate the initial irreversible steps of viral protease autoactivation. Binding sites exclusive to the precursor, including binding sites beyond the protease domain, can be exploited. Both inhibition and up-regulation of the proteolytic activity of viral proteases can be detrimental for the virus. All these possibilities are discussed using examples of medically relevant viruses including herpesviruses, adenoviruses, retroviruses, picornaviruses, caliciviruses, togaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:08:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0c18f2904d646f09a3e7ac96301f9eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:08:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0c18f2904d646f09a3e7ac96301f9eb2023-11-22T20:18:58ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-10-011310198110.3390/v13101981Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug TargetsTaťána Majerová0Pavel Novotný1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech RepublicViral proteases are indispensable for successful virion maturation, thus making them a prominent drug target. Their enzyme activity is tightly spatiotemporally regulated by expression in the precursor form with little or no activity, followed by activation via autoprocessing. These cleavage events are frequently triggered upon transportation to a specific compartment inside the host cell. Typically, precursor oligomerization or the presence of a co-factor is needed for activation. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms will allow ligands with non-canonical mechanisms of action to be designed, which would specifically modulate the initial irreversible steps of viral protease autoactivation. Binding sites exclusive to the precursor, including binding sites beyond the protease domain, can be exploited. Both inhibition and up-regulation of the proteolytic activity of viral proteases can be detrimental for the virus. All these possibilities are discussed using examples of medically relevant viruses including herpesviruses, adenoviruses, retroviruses, picornaviruses, caliciviruses, togaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/1981proteaseautoprocessingprecursoractivationHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| spellingShingle | Taťána Majerová Pavel Novotný Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets Viruses protease autoprocessing precursor activation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| title | Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets |
| title_full | Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets |
| title_fullStr | Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets |
| title_short | Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets |
| title_sort | precursors of viral proteases as distinct drug targets |
| topic | protease autoprocessing precursor activation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/10/1981 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tatanamajerova precursorsofviralproteasesasdistinctdrugtargets AT pavelnovotny precursorsofviralproteasesasdistinctdrugtargets |