Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda)
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the past decade neuroanatomy has proved to be a valuable source of character systems that provide insights into arthropod relationships. Since the most detailed description of dipluran brain anatomy dates back to Hanström (1940) w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Zoology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/9/1/26 |
| _version_ | 1811284813546520576 |
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| author | Böhm Alexander Szucsich Nikolaus U Pass Günther |
| author_facet | Böhm Alexander Szucsich Nikolaus U Pass Günther |
| author_sort | Böhm Alexander |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the past decade neuroanatomy has proved to be a valuable source of character systems that provide insights into arthropod relationships. Since the most detailed description of dipluran brain anatomy dates back to Hanström (1940) we re-investigated the brains of <it>Campodea augens</it> and <it>Catajapyx aquilonaris</it> with modern neuroanatomical techniques. The analyses are based on antibody staining and 3D reconstruction of the major neuropils and tracts from semi-thin section series.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Remarkable features of the investigated dipluran brains are a large central body, which is organized in nine columns and three layers, and well developed mushroom bodies with calyces receiving input from spheroidal olfactory glomeruli in the deutocerebrum. Antibody staining against a catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (DC0) was used to further characterize the mushroom bodies. The japygid <it>Catajapyx aquilonaris</it> possesses mushroom bodies which are connected across the midline, a unique condition within hexapods.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Mushroom body and central body structure shows a high correspondence between japygids and campodeids. Some unique features indicate that neuroanatomy further supports the monophyly of Diplura. In a broader phylogenetic context, however, the polarization of brain characters becomes ambiguous. The mushroom bodies and the central body of Diplura in several aspects resemble those of Dicondylia, suggesting homology. In contrast, Archaeognatha completely lack mushroom bodies and exhibit a central body organization reminiscent of certain malacostracan crustaceans. Several hypotheses of brain evolution at the base of the hexapod tree are discussed.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:35:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0cb984eeb2b41218b707323fa6696a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-9994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:35:13Z |
| publishDate | 2012-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Zoology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0cb984eeb2b41218b707323fa6696a72022-12-22T03:06:25ZengBMCFrontiers in Zoology1742-99942012-10-01912610.1186/1742-9994-9-26Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda)Böhm AlexanderSzucsich Nikolaus UPass Günther<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the past decade neuroanatomy has proved to be a valuable source of character systems that provide insights into arthropod relationships. Since the most detailed description of dipluran brain anatomy dates back to Hanström (1940) we re-investigated the brains of <it>Campodea augens</it> and <it>Catajapyx aquilonaris</it> with modern neuroanatomical techniques. The analyses are based on antibody staining and 3D reconstruction of the major neuropils and tracts from semi-thin section series.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Remarkable features of the investigated dipluran brains are a large central body, which is organized in nine columns and three layers, and well developed mushroom bodies with calyces receiving input from spheroidal olfactory glomeruli in the deutocerebrum. Antibody staining against a catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (DC0) was used to further characterize the mushroom bodies. The japygid <it>Catajapyx aquilonaris</it> possesses mushroom bodies which are connected across the midline, a unique condition within hexapods.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Mushroom body and central body structure shows a high correspondence between japygids and campodeids. Some unique features indicate that neuroanatomy further supports the monophyly of Diplura. In a broader phylogenetic context, however, the polarization of brain characters becomes ambiguous. The mushroom bodies and the central body of Diplura in several aspects resemble those of Dicondylia, suggesting homology. In contrast, Archaeognatha completely lack mushroom bodies and exhibit a central body organization reminiscent of certain malacostracan crustaceans. Several hypotheses of brain evolution at the base of the hexapod tree are discussed.</p>http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/9/1/26Dipluratwo-pronged bristletailsmushroom bodycentral body3D reconstructionCNSDC0apterygote insects |
| spellingShingle | Böhm Alexander Szucsich Nikolaus U Pass Günther Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda) Frontiers in Zoology Diplura two-pronged bristletails mushroom body central body 3D reconstruction CNS DC0 apterygote insects |
| title | Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda) |
| title_full | Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda) |
| title_fullStr | Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda) |
| title_short | Brain anatomy in Diplura (Hexapoda) |
| title_sort | brain anatomy in diplura hexapoda |
| topic | Diplura two-pronged bristletails mushroom body central body 3D reconstruction CNS DC0 apterygote insects |
| url | http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/9/1/26 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bohmalexander brainanatomyindiplurahexapoda AT szucsichnikolausu brainanatomyindiplurahexapoda AT passgunther brainanatomyindiplurahexapoda |