Toxicity of Formulated Systemic Insecticides Used in Apple Orchard Pest Management Programs to the Honey Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> (L.))

Toxicity of Formulated Systemic Insecticides Used in Apple Orchard Pest Management Programs to the Honey Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> (L.))

Honey bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) are one of the most important pollinating species of flowering plants. Recently, populations of honey bees have been declining due to a combination of factors, including the widespread use of agricultural pesticides. Laboratory studies were conducted to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sarah Heller, Julia Fine, Ngoc T. Phan, Edwin G. Rajotte, David J. Biddinger, Neelendra K. Joshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-07-01
Series:Environments
Subjects:
neonicotinoids
bees
environmental toxicology
insecticides
pollinator health
pesticide formulations
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/9/7/90

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