Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) receive special attention from oncologists due to their assumed usefulness as prognostic markers, vaccines to induce anti-cancer immune response, and physiological delivery tools. The latter application, which supports the reduction of side effects of treatment, is still...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/13/4623 |
| _version_ | 1797563832561827840 |
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| author | Katarzyna Nazimek Krzysztof Bryniarski |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Nazimek Krzysztof Bryniarski |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Nazimek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) receive special attention from oncologists due to their assumed usefulness as prognostic markers, vaccines to induce anti-cancer immune response, and physiological delivery tools. The latter application, which supports the reduction of side effects of treatment, is still fraught with many challenges, including established methods for loading EVs with selected cargo and directing them towards target cells. EVs could be loaded with selected cargo either in vitro using several physicochemical techniques, or in vivo by modification of parental cell, which may have an advantage over in vitro procedures, since some of them significantly influence EVs’ properties. Otherwise, our research findings suggest that EVs could be passively supplemented with micro RNAs (miRNAs) or miRNA antagonists to induce expected biological effect. Furthermore, our observations imply that antigen-specific antibody light chains could coat the surface of EVs to increase the specificity of cell targeting. Finally, the route of EVs’ administration also determines their bioavailability and eventually induced therapeutic effect. Besides, EV membrane lipids may possibly possess immune adjuvant activity. The review summarizes the current knowledge on the possibilities to manipulate EVs to use them as a delivery tool, with the special emphasis on anti-cancer therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:48:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0f8c98e10ae4755b02643950d104bae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:48:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0f8c98e10ae4755b02643950d104bae2023-11-20T05:18:49ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-06-012113462310.3390/ijms21134623Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer TreatmentKatarzyna Nazimek0Krzysztof Bryniarski1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, PolandExtracellular vesicles (EVs) receive special attention from oncologists due to their assumed usefulness as prognostic markers, vaccines to induce anti-cancer immune response, and physiological delivery tools. The latter application, which supports the reduction of side effects of treatment, is still fraught with many challenges, including established methods for loading EVs with selected cargo and directing them towards target cells. EVs could be loaded with selected cargo either in vitro using several physicochemical techniques, or in vivo by modification of parental cell, which may have an advantage over in vitro procedures, since some of them significantly influence EVs’ properties. Otherwise, our research findings suggest that EVs could be passively supplemented with micro RNAs (miRNAs) or miRNA antagonists to induce expected biological effect. Furthermore, our observations imply that antigen-specific antibody light chains could coat the surface of EVs to increase the specificity of cell targeting. Finally, the route of EVs’ administration also determines their bioavailability and eventually induced therapeutic effect. Besides, EV membrane lipids may possibly possess immune adjuvant activity. The review summarizes the current knowledge on the possibilities to manipulate EVs to use them as a delivery tool, with the special emphasis on anti-cancer therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/13/4623anti-oncomiRsanti-tumor immune responseanti-tumor therapydrug deliveryextracellular vesiclesexosomes |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Nazimek Krzysztof Bryniarski Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment International Journal of Molecular Sciences anti-oncomiRs anti-tumor immune response anti-tumor therapy drug delivery extracellular vesicles exosomes |
| title | Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment |
| title_full | Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment |
| title_short | Perspectives in Manipulating EVs for Therapeutic Applications: Focus on Cancer Treatment |
| title_sort | perspectives in manipulating evs for therapeutic applications focus on cancer treatment |
| topic | anti-oncomiRs anti-tumor immune response anti-tumor therapy drug delivery extracellular vesicles exosomes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/13/4623 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katarzynanazimek perspectivesinmanipulatingevsfortherapeuticapplicationsfocusoncancertreatment AT krzysztofbryniarski perspectivesinmanipulatingevsfortherapeuticapplicationsfocusoncancertreatment |