How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae?
Context: We reviewed what has been studied and published during the last 3 years about the consequences, mainly respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric (organic and functional), in patients with COVID-19 of prolonged course. Objective: To conduct a narrative review synthesizing...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1173 |
| _version_ | 1797598117649973248 |
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| author | Carolina Baroni Jorge Potito María Eugenia Perticone Paola Orausclio Carlos Marcelo Luna |
| author_facet | Carolina Baroni Jorge Potito María Eugenia Perticone Paola Orausclio Carlos Marcelo Luna |
| author_sort | Carolina Baroni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context: We reviewed what has been studied and published during the last 3 years about the consequences, mainly respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric (organic and functional), in patients with COVID-19 of prolonged course. Objective: To conduct a narrative review synthesizing current clinical evidence of abnormalities of signs, symptoms, and complementary studies in COVID-19 patients who presented a prolonged and complicated course. Methods: A review of the literature focused on the involvement of the main organic functions mentioned, based almost exclusively on the systematic search of publications written in English available on PubMed/MEDLINE. Results: Long-term respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric dysfunction are present in a significant number of patients. Lung involvement is the most common; cardiovascular involvement may happen with or without symptoms or clinical abnormalities; gastrointestinal compromise includes the loss of appetite, nausea, gastroesophageal reflux, diarrhea, etc.; and neurological/psychiatric compromise can produce a wide variety of signs and symptoms, either organic or functional. Vaccination is not associated with the emergence of long-COVID, but it may happen in vaccinated people. Conclusions: The severity of illness increases the risk of long-COVID. Pulmonary sequelae, cardiomyopathy, the detection of ribonucleic acid in the gastrointestinal tract, and headaches and cognitive impairment may become refractory in severely ill COVID-19 patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0fe674b3b504ddf8be84ceac215c627 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0fe674b3b504ddf8be84ceac215c6272023-11-18T03:40:02ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-05-01155117310.3390/v15051173How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae?Carolina Baroni0Jorge Potito1María Eugenia Perticone2Paola Orausclio3Carlos Marcelo Luna4Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, ArgentinaDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, ArgentinaDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, ArgentinaDepartment of Radiology, Centro Rossi, Buenos Aires C1035 ABC, ArgentinaDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1120 AAF, ArgentinaContext: We reviewed what has been studied and published during the last 3 years about the consequences, mainly respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric (organic and functional), in patients with COVID-19 of prolonged course. Objective: To conduct a narrative review synthesizing current clinical evidence of abnormalities of signs, symptoms, and complementary studies in COVID-19 patients who presented a prolonged and complicated course. Methods: A review of the literature focused on the involvement of the main organic functions mentioned, based almost exclusively on the systematic search of publications written in English available on PubMed/MEDLINE. Results: Long-term respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and neurological/psychiatric dysfunction are present in a significant number of patients. Lung involvement is the most common; cardiovascular involvement may happen with or without symptoms or clinical abnormalities; gastrointestinal compromise includes the loss of appetite, nausea, gastroesophageal reflux, diarrhea, etc.; and neurological/psychiatric compromise can produce a wide variety of signs and symptoms, either organic or functional. Vaccination is not associated with the emergence of long-COVID, but it may happen in vaccinated people. Conclusions: The severity of illness increases the risk of long-COVID. Pulmonary sequelae, cardiomyopathy, the detection of ribonucleic acid in the gastrointestinal tract, and headaches and cognitive impairment may become refractory in severely ill COVID-19 patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1173long-COVIDsequelaelong-termprognosisSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Baroni Jorge Potito María Eugenia Perticone Paola Orausclio Carlos Marcelo Luna How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae? Viruses long-COVID sequelae long-term prognosis SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae? |
| title_full | How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae? |
| title_fullStr | How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae? |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae? |
| title_short | How Does Long-COVID Impact Prognosis and the Long-Term Sequelae? |
| title_sort | how does long covid impact prognosis and the long term sequelae |
| topic | long-COVID sequelae long-term prognosis SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1173 |
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