Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides
Antibiotic and antifungal resistance problems have been prevalent in recent decades. One of the efforts to solve the problems is to develop new medicines with more potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides have the potential to be developed as antibacterial...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2745 |
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| author | Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty Galih Satrio Putra Tutuk Budiati Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih Farida Anwari Dini Kesuma Katsuyoshi Matsunami Takayasu Yamauchi |
| author_facet | Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty Galih Satrio Putra Tutuk Budiati Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih Farida Anwari Dini Kesuma Katsuyoshi Matsunami Takayasu Yamauchi |
| author_sort | Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotic and antifungal resistance problems have been prevalent in recent decades. One of the efforts to solve the problems is to develop new medicines with more potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides have the potential to be developed as antibacterial and antifungal medicine. This study aimed to synthesize <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides and evaluate their in silico and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The in silico studies conducted absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) predictions along with molecular docking studies. ADMET predictions used pkCSM software online, while the docking studies used MVD software (Molegro <sup>®</sup> Virtual Docker version 5.5) on Aminoglycosid-2 ″-phosphotransferase-IIa (APH2 ″-IIa) enzyme with protein data bank (PDB) ID code 3HAV as antibacterial and aspartic proteinases enzyme (Saps) with PDB ID code 2QZX as an antifungal. In vitro, antibacterial and antifungal tests were carried out using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method. The five <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides (<b>3a</b>–<b>e</b>) were successfully synthesized with a high yield. Based on in silico and in vitro studies, compounds <b>3a</b>–<b>e</b> have antibacterial and antifungal activities, where they can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>), Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>), and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Therefore, compounds <b>3a</b>–<b>e</b> can be developed as a topical antibacterial and antifungal agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:41:15Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:41:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d102b4481c3f437dbe8e7f97d660b6c62023-11-16T17:01:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01243274510.3390/ijms24032745Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamidesMelanny Ika Sulistyowaty0Galih Satrio Putra1Tutuk Budiati2Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih3Farida Anwari4Dini Kesuma5Katsuyoshi Matsunami6Takayasu Yamauchi7Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65151, IndonesiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya 60265, IndonesiaResearch Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, IndonesiaMedical Laboratory Science, University of Anwar Medika, Sidoarjo 61262, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, IndonesiaGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, JapanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanAntibiotic and antifungal resistance problems have been prevalent in recent decades. One of the efforts to solve the problems is to develop new medicines with more potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides have the potential to be developed as antibacterial and antifungal medicine. This study aimed to synthesize <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides and evaluate their in silico and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The in silico studies conducted absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) predictions along with molecular docking studies. ADMET predictions used pkCSM software online, while the docking studies used MVD software (Molegro <sup>®</sup> Virtual Docker version 5.5) on Aminoglycosid-2 ″-phosphotransferase-IIa (APH2 ″-IIa) enzyme with protein data bank (PDB) ID code 3HAV as antibacterial and aspartic proteinases enzyme (Saps) with PDB ID code 2QZX as an antifungal. In vitro, antibacterial and antifungal tests were carried out using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method. The five <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides (<b>3a</b>–<b>e</b>) were successfully synthesized with a high yield. Based on in silico and in vitro studies, compounds <b>3a</b>–<b>e</b> have antibacterial and antifungal activities, where they can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>), Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>), and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Therefore, compounds <b>3a</b>–<b>e</b> can be developed as a topical antibacterial and antifungal agent.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2745synthesisin silicoantibacterialantifungal<i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides derivatives3HAV |
| spellingShingle | Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty Galih Satrio Putra Tutuk Budiati Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih Farida Anwari Dini Kesuma Katsuyoshi Matsunami Takayasu Yamauchi Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides International Journal of Molecular Sciences synthesis in silico antibacterial antifungal <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides derivatives 3HAV |
| title | Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides |
| title_full | Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides |
| title_short | Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides |
| title_sort | synthesis in silico study antibacterial and antifungal activities of i n i phenylbenzamides |
| topic | synthesis in silico antibacterial antifungal <i>N</i>-phenylbenzamides derivatives 3HAV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2745 |
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