Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout Survival
Fish transferred from hard water to soft water, as can occur during the stocking of hatchery-reared fish into natural environments, experience many physiological stressors that can cause mortality. This study consisted of four trials examining the effects of direct transfer from hard (345 mg/L CaCO&...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/44 |
| _version_ | 1797480435207372800 |
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| author | Nathan Huysman Jill M. Voorhees Eric Krebs Michael E. Barnes |
| author_facet | Nathan Huysman Jill M. Voorhees Eric Krebs Michael E. Barnes |
| author_sort | Nathan Huysman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fish transferred from hard water to soft water, as can occur during the stocking of hatchery-reared fish into natural environments, experience many physiological stressors that can cause mortality. This study consisted of four trials examining the effects of direct transfer from hard (345 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub>) to soft water on mortality and glucose stress response of two different sizes and strains of rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>. The first trial subjected 90 g Shasta strain rainbow trout to a direct transfer to soft water (70 or 160 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>). The second trial used the same strain and size trout, with transfer to lower hardness values of either 0 or 35 mg/L. The third and fourth trials used 3 to 5 g Arlee strain rainbow trout. The third trial transferred the fish from 345 mg/L hardness water to water at a hardness of either 0 or 35 mg/L. The fourth trial added a secondary temperature stressor of 20 °C (versus the experimental standard of 11 °C) in combination with a hardness level of 0 mg/L. In every trial, survival was not significantly different among all treatments. Sudden and extreme changes in water hardness, even in combination with increased water temperature, did not cause trout mortality. There was also no significant difference in blood glucose over time among any of the treatments in the first three trials. In the fourth trial, glucose values did significantly vary among the treatments at 48 and 168 h after the start of the trial. However, all glucose values were relatively close to the basal level. These results indicate that changes in water hardness likely do not impact the survival of rainbow trout, negating the need for tempering or acclimation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d10c654b7d7c4c49b484870405d29da5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-d10c654b7d7c4c49b484870405d29da52023-11-23T19:51:53ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882022-02-01714410.3390/fishes7010044Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout SurvivalNathan Huysman0Jill M. Voorhees1Eric Krebs2Michael E. Barnes3South Dakota Game, Fish & Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, 19619 Trout Loop, Spearfish, SD 57783, USASouth Dakota Game, Fish & Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, 19619 Trout Loop, Spearfish, SD 57783, USASouth Dakota Game, Fish & Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, 19619 Trout Loop, Spearfish, SD 57783, USASouth Dakota Game, Fish & Parks, McNenny State Fish Hatchery, 19619 Trout Loop, Spearfish, SD 57783, USAFish transferred from hard water to soft water, as can occur during the stocking of hatchery-reared fish into natural environments, experience many physiological stressors that can cause mortality. This study consisted of four trials examining the effects of direct transfer from hard (345 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub>) to soft water on mortality and glucose stress response of two different sizes and strains of rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>. The first trial subjected 90 g Shasta strain rainbow trout to a direct transfer to soft water (70 or 160 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>). The second trial used the same strain and size trout, with transfer to lower hardness values of either 0 or 35 mg/L. The third and fourth trials used 3 to 5 g Arlee strain rainbow trout. The third trial transferred the fish from 345 mg/L hardness water to water at a hardness of either 0 or 35 mg/L. The fourth trial added a secondary temperature stressor of 20 °C (versus the experimental standard of 11 °C) in combination with a hardness level of 0 mg/L. In every trial, survival was not significantly different among all treatments. Sudden and extreme changes in water hardness, even in combination with increased water temperature, did not cause trout mortality. There was also no significant difference in blood glucose over time among any of the treatments in the first three trials. In the fourth trial, glucose values did significantly vary among the treatments at 48 and 168 h after the start of the trial. However, all glucose values were relatively close to the basal level. These results indicate that changes in water hardness likely do not impact the survival of rainbow trout, negating the need for tempering or acclimation.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/44hardnesswater qualitytemperingrainbow trout<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| spellingShingle | Nathan Huysman Jill M. Voorhees Eric Krebs Michael E. Barnes Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout Survival Fishes hardness water quality tempering rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title | Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout Survival |
| title_full | Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout Survival |
| title_fullStr | Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout Survival |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout Survival |
| title_short | Sudden Changes in Water Hardness Do Not Impact Short-Term Rainbow Trout Survival |
| title_sort | sudden changes in water hardness do not impact short term rainbow trout survival |
| topic | hardness water quality tempering rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/44 |
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