Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
Abstract Background A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia with the objectives of determining the incidence of calf diarrhea and calf coccidiosis from diarrheic calves, assessing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Irish Veterinary Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13620-020-00168-w |
| _version_ | 1818437762169176064 |
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| author | Habtamu Tamrat Negesse Mekonnen Yeshwas Ferede Rudi Cassini Negus Belayneh |
| author_facet | Habtamu Tamrat Negesse Mekonnen Yeshwas Ferede Rudi Cassini Negus Belayneh |
| author_sort | Habtamu Tamrat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia with the objectives of determining the incidence of calf diarrhea and calf coccidiosis from diarrheic calves, assessing the major risk factors associated with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis and identifying the existing Eimeria species. A total of 237 calves, 86 calves from 52 smallholder dairy farms and 151 calves from 8 large dairy farms, were used for this study. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 86 diarrheic calves for identification of Eimeria species. Results Overall incidences of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis found in this study were 33.5 and 20.1%, respectively. In total, 19 potential risk factors were investigated for their association with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis from diarrheic calves using Cox regression. Age of calf (HR = 2.057, P = .002), body condition (HR = 1.802, P < .001), house condition (HR = 2.072, P = .004) and age at first colostrum feeding time (HR = 2.107, P = .002) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the risk of diarrhea by multivariate Cox regression. Among the risk factors tested, age (HR = 13.36, P < .001) and sex of calves (HR = 3.500, P = .020) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with coccidiosis by multivariate Cox regression. A total of nine Eimeria species were identified. E. bovis (28.6%), E. zuernii (19.0%) and E. auburnensis (14.3%) were the most common Eimeria species encountered. Conclusion The incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis was high in the dairy herds in North West Ethiopia. Therefore, sound dairy calf management practices are needed to mitigate risk factors for calf diarrhea and coccidiosis with a view to reducing the incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in Ethiopian dairy farms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:29:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d131511f9d894f68813abdd1569e2f0c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-0481 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:29:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Irish Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-d131511f9d894f68813abdd1569e2f0c2022-12-21T22:53:08ZengBMCIrish Veterinary Journal2046-04812020-07-017311810.1186/s13620-020-00168-wEpidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West EthiopiaHabtamu Tamrat0Negesse Mekonnen1Yeshwas Ferede2Rudi Cassini3Negus Belayneh4Bahir Dar University, School of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineBahir Dar University, School of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineBahir Dar University, School of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of PadovaSrinka Agricultural Research CentreAbstract Background A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia with the objectives of determining the incidence of calf diarrhea and calf coccidiosis from diarrheic calves, assessing the major risk factors associated with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis and identifying the existing Eimeria species. A total of 237 calves, 86 calves from 52 smallholder dairy farms and 151 calves from 8 large dairy farms, were used for this study. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 86 diarrheic calves for identification of Eimeria species. Results Overall incidences of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis found in this study were 33.5 and 20.1%, respectively. In total, 19 potential risk factors were investigated for their association with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis from diarrheic calves using Cox regression. Age of calf (HR = 2.057, P = .002), body condition (HR = 1.802, P < .001), house condition (HR = 2.072, P = .004) and age at first colostrum feeding time (HR = 2.107, P = .002) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the risk of diarrhea by multivariate Cox regression. Among the risk factors tested, age (HR = 13.36, P < .001) and sex of calves (HR = 3.500, P = .020) were found significantly (P < 0.05) associated with coccidiosis by multivariate Cox regression. A total of nine Eimeria species were identified. E. bovis (28.6%), E. zuernii (19.0%) and E. auburnensis (14.3%) were the most common Eimeria species encountered. Conclusion The incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis was high in the dairy herds in North West Ethiopia. Therefore, sound dairy calf management practices are needed to mitigate risk factors for calf diarrhea and coccidiosis with a view to reducing the incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in Ethiopian dairy farms.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13620-020-00168-wCoccidiosisDiarrheaDairy calfEthiopiaIncidence rateLongitudinal study |
| spellingShingle | Habtamu Tamrat Negesse Mekonnen Yeshwas Ferede Rudi Cassini Negus Belayneh Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia Irish Veterinary Journal Coccidiosis Diarrhea Dairy calf Ethiopia Incidence rate Longitudinal study |
| title | Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia |
| title_full | Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia |
| title_short | Epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia |
| title_sort | epidemiological study on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in bahir dar north west ethiopia |
| topic | Coccidiosis Diarrhea Dairy calf Ethiopia Incidence rate Longitudinal study |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13620-020-00168-w |
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