Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nm
Despite the high number of legionella infections, there are currently no convincing preventive measures. Photoinactivation with visible light is a promising new approach and the photoinactivation sensitivity properties of planktonic <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> to 450, 470, and 620 nm i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/4/187 |
| _version_ | 1828388711165853696 |
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| author | Julian Schmid Katharina Hoenes Petra Vatter Martin Hessling |
| author_facet | Julian Schmid Katharina Hoenes Petra Vatter Martin Hessling |
| author_sort | Julian Schmid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the high number of legionella infections, there are currently no convincing preventive measures. Photoinactivation with visible light is a promising new approach and the photoinactivation sensitivity properties of planktonic <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> to 450, 470, and 620 nm irradiation were thus investigated and compared to existing 405 nm inactivation data for obtaining information on responsible endogenous photosensitizers. Legionella were streaked on agar plates and irradiated with different doses by light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different visible wavelengths. When irradiating bacterial samples with blue light of 450 nm, a 5-log reduction could be achieved by applying a dose of 300 J cm<sup>−2</sup>, whereas at 470 nm, a comparable reduction required about 500 J cm<sup>−2</sup>. For red irradiation at 620 nm, no inactivation could be observed, even at 500 J cm<sup>−2</sup>. The declining photoinactivation sensitivity with an increasing wavelength is consistent with the assumption of porphyrins and flavins being among the relevant photosensitizers. These results were obtained for <i>L. rubrilucens</i>, but there is reason to believe that its inactivation behavior is similar to that of pathogenic legionella species. Therefore, this photoinactivation might lead to new future concepts for legionella reduction and prevention in technical applications or even on or inside the human body. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:17:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d13480faec884dbe925e90e10662157b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:17:32Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d13480faec884dbe925e90e10662157b2022-12-22T01:59:24ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822019-10-018418710.3390/antibiotics8040187antibiotics8040187Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nmJulian Schmid0Katharina Hoenes1Petra Vatter2Martin Hessling3Department of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, GermanyDespite the high number of legionella infections, there are currently no convincing preventive measures. Photoinactivation with visible light is a promising new approach and the photoinactivation sensitivity properties of planktonic <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> to 450, 470, and 620 nm irradiation were thus investigated and compared to existing 405 nm inactivation data for obtaining information on responsible endogenous photosensitizers. Legionella were streaked on agar plates and irradiated with different doses by light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different visible wavelengths. When irradiating bacterial samples with blue light of 450 nm, a 5-log reduction could be achieved by applying a dose of 300 J cm<sup>−2</sup>, whereas at 470 nm, a comparable reduction required about 500 J cm<sup>−2</sup>. For red irradiation at 620 nm, no inactivation could be observed, even at 500 J cm<sup>−2</sup>. The declining photoinactivation sensitivity with an increasing wavelength is consistent with the assumption of porphyrins and flavins being among the relevant photosensitizers. These results were obtained for <i>L. rubrilucens</i>, but there is reason to believe that its inactivation behavior is similar to that of pathogenic legionella species. Therefore, this photoinactivation might lead to new future concepts for legionella reduction and prevention in technical applications or even on or inside the human body.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/4/187legionella<i>legionella rubrilucens</i>photoinactivationdisinfectioninfection preventionvisible lightporphyrinsflavins |
| spellingShingle | Julian Schmid Katharina Hoenes Petra Vatter Martin Hessling Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nm Antibiotics legionella <i>legionella rubrilucens</i> photoinactivation disinfection infection prevention visible light porphyrins flavins |
| title | Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nm |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nm |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nm |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Effect of Visible Light—Photoinactivation of <i>Legionella rubrilucens</i> by Irradiation at 450, 470, and 620 nm |
| title_sort | antimicrobial effect of visible light photoinactivation of i legionella rubrilucens i by irradiation at 450 470 and 620 nm |
| topic | legionella <i>legionella rubrilucens</i> photoinactivation disinfection infection prevention visible light porphyrins flavins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/8/4/187 |
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