Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Background: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the major health problems around the world. Reliable biomarkers for NSCLC are still needed in clinical practice. We aimed to develop a novel ferroptosis- and immune-based index for NSCLC.Methods: The training and testing datasets were obtained...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.764869/full |
| _version_ | 1818839603887472640 |
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| author | Yang Teng Bo Wang Desi Shang Ning Yang Ning Yang |
| author_facet | Yang Teng Bo Wang Desi Shang Ning Yang Ning Yang |
| author_sort | Yang Teng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the major health problems around the world. Reliable biomarkers for NSCLC are still needed in clinical practice. We aimed to develop a novel ferroptosis- and immune-based index for NSCLC.Methods: The training and testing datasets were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases, respectively. Immune- and ferroptosis-related genes were identified and used to establish a prognostic model. Then, the prognostic and therapeutic potential of the established index was evaluated.Results: Intimate interaction of immune genes with ferroptosis genes was observed. A total of 32 prognosis-related signatures were selected to develop a predictive model for NSCLC using LASSO Cox regression. Patients were classified into the high- and low-risk group based on the risk score. Patients in the low-risk group have better OS in contrast with that in the high-risk group in independent verification datasets. Besides, patients with a high risk score have shorter OS in all subgroups (T, N, and M0 subgroups) and pathological stages (stage I, II, and III). The risk score was positively associated with Immune Score, Stromal Score, and Ferroptosis Score in TCGA and GEO cohorts. A differential immune cell infiltration between the high-risk and the low-risk groups was also observed. Finally, we explored the significance of our model in tumor-related pathways, and different enrichment levels in the therapeutic pathway were observed between the high- and low-risk groups.Conclusion: The present study developed an immune and ferroptosis-combined index for the prognosis of NSCLC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:56:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d13b02dce62e49b196a898db2e538981 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:56:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d13b02dce62e49b196a898db2e5389812022-12-21T20:36:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212021-11-011210.3389/fgene.2021.764869764869Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung CancerYang Teng0Bo Wang1Desi Shang2Ning Yang3Ning Yang4Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery in Songbei, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery in Songbei, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, ChinaBackground: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the major health problems around the world. Reliable biomarkers for NSCLC are still needed in clinical practice. We aimed to develop a novel ferroptosis- and immune-based index for NSCLC.Methods: The training and testing datasets were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases, respectively. Immune- and ferroptosis-related genes were identified and used to establish a prognostic model. Then, the prognostic and therapeutic potential of the established index was evaluated.Results: Intimate interaction of immune genes with ferroptosis genes was observed. A total of 32 prognosis-related signatures were selected to develop a predictive model for NSCLC using LASSO Cox regression. Patients were classified into the high- and low-risk group based on the risk score. Patients in the low-risk group have better OS in contrast with that in the high-risk group in independent verification datasets. Besides, patients with a high risk score have shorter OS in all subgroups (T, N, and M0 subgroups) and pathological stages (stage I, II, and III). The risk score was positively associated with Immune Score, Stromal Score, and Ferroptosis Score in TCGA and GEO cohorts. A differential immune cell infiltration between the high-risk and the low-risk groups was also observed. Finally, we explored the significance of our model in tumor-related pathways, and different enrichment levels in the therapeutic pathway were observed between the high- and low-risk groups.Conclusion: The present study developed an immune and ferroptosis-combined index for the prognosis of NSCLC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.764869/fullNSCLCbiomarkersbioinformatics analysismicroenvironment non–small cell lung cancerimmuneprognosis |
| spellingShingle | Yang Teng Bo Wang Desi Shang Ning Yang Ning Yang Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Frontiers in Genetics NSCLC biomarkers bioinformatics analysis microenvironment non–small cell lung cancer immune prognosis |
| title | Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_full | Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_short | Identification and Validation of an Immune and Ferroptosis-Combined Index for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| title_sort | identification and validation of an immune and ferroptosis combined index for non small cell lung cancer |
| topic | NSCLC biomarkers bioinformatics analysis microenvironment non–small cell lung cancer immune prognosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.764869/full |
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