Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue
Background Adult rat epididymal adipocytes are able to convert large amounts of glucose to lactate and glycerol. However, fatty acid efflux is much lower than that expected from glycerol levels if they were the product of lipolysis. Use of glucose for lipogenesis is limited, in contrast with the act...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2018-08-01
|
| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/5440.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797419667978977280 |
|---|---|
| author | Floriana Rotondo Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma Xavier Remesar José Antonio Fernández-López María del Mar Romero Marià Alemany |
| author_facet | Floriana Rotondo Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma Xavier Remesar José Antonio Fernández-López María del Mar Romero Marià Alemany |
| author_sort | Floriana Rotondo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Adult rat epididymal adipocytes are able to convert large amounts of glucose to lactate and glycerol. However, fatty acid efflux is much lower than that expected from glycerol levels if they were the product of lipolysis. Use of glucose for lipogenesis is limited, in contrast with the active glycolysis-derived lactate (and other 3-carbon substrates). In this study, we analyzed whether white adipose tissue (WAT) site and sex affect these processes. Methods Mature adipocytes from perigonadal, mesenteric and subcutaneous WAT of female and male rats were isolated, and incubated with 7 or 14 mM glucose during 1 or 2 days. Glucose consumption, metabolite efflux and gene expression of glycolytic and lipogenesis-related genes were measured. Results The effects of medium initial glucose concentration were minimal on most parameters studied. Sex-induced differences that were more extensive; however, the most marked, distinct, effects between WAT sites, were dependent on the time of incubation. In general, the production of lactate was maintained during the incubation, but glycerol release rates increased with time, shifting from a largely glycolytic origin to its triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolytic release. Glycerol incorporation was concurrent with increased TAG turnover: lipolytic glycerol was selectively secreted, while most fatty acids were recycled again into TAG. Fatty acid efflux increased with incubation, but was, nevertheless, minimal compared with that of glycerol. Production of lactate and glycerol from glucose were maximal in mesenteric WAT. Discussion Female rats showed a higher adipocyte metabolic activity than males. In mesenteric WAT, gene expression (and substrate efflux) data suggested that adipocyte oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA was higher in females than in males, with enhanced return of oxaloacetate to the cytoplasm for its final conversion to lactate. WAT site differences showed marked tissue specialization-related differences. Use of glucose for lipogenesis was seriously hampered over time, when TAG turnover-related lipolysis was activated. We postulate that these mechanisms may help decrease glycaemia and fat storage, producing, instead, a higher availability of less-regulated 3-carbon substrates, used for energy elsewhere. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:51:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d140042908714591ad95721f25269168 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:51:33Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-d140042908714591ad95721f252691682023-12-03T10:26:59ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592018-08-016e544010.7717/peerj.5440Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissueFloriana Rotondo0Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma1Xavier Remesar2José Antonio Fernández-López3 María del Mar Romero4Marià Alemany5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Barcelona, SpainBackground Adult rat epididymal adipocytes are able to convert large amounts of glucose to lactate and glycerol. However, fatty acid efflux is much lower than that expected from glycerol levels if they were the product of lipolysis. Use of glucose for lipogenesis is limited, in contrast with the active glycolysis-derived lactate (and other 3-carbon substrates). In this study, we analyzed whether white adipose tissue (WAT) site and sex affect these processes. Methods Mature adipocytes from perigonadal, mesenteric and subcutaneous WAT of female and male rats were isolated, and incubated with 7 or 14 mM glucose during 1 or 2 days. Glucose consumption, metabolite efflux and gene expression of glycolytic and lipogenesis-related genes were measured. Results The effects of medium initial glucose concentration were minimal on most parameters studied. Sex-induced differences that were more extensive; however, the most marked, distinct, effects between WAT sites, were dependent on the time of incubation. In general, the production of lactate was maintained during the incubation, but glycerol release rates increased with time, shifting from a largely glycolytic origin to its triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolytic release. Glycerol incorporation was concurrent with increased TAG turnover: lipolytic glycerol was selectively secreted, while most fatty acids were recycled again into TAG. Fatty acid efflux increased with incubation, but was, nevertheless, minimal compared with that of glycerol. Production of lactate and glycerol from glucose were maximal in mesenteric WAT. Discussion Female rats showed a higher adipocyte metabolic activity than males. In mesenteric WAT, gene expression (and substrate efflux) data suggested that adipocyte oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA was higher in females than in males, with enhanced return of oxaloacetate to the cytoplasm for its final conversion to lactate. WAT site differences showed marked tissue specialization-related differences. Use of glucose for lipogenesis was seriously hampered over time, when TAG turnover-related lipolysis was activated. We postulate that these mechanisms may help decrease glycaemia and fat storage, producing, instead, a higher availability of less-regulated 3-carbon substrates, used for energy elsewhere.https://peerj.com/articles/5440.pdfAdipose tissueGlycerolLactateGlycolysisAdipocyteGlycerogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Floriana Rotondo Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma Xavier Remesar José Antonio Fernández-López María del Mar Romero Marià Alemany Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue PeerJ Adipose tissue Glycerol Lactate Glycolysis Adipocyte Glycerogenesis |
| title | Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue |
| title_full | Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue |
| title_fullStr | Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue |
| title_short | Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue |
| title_sort | effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue |
| topic | Adipose tissue Glycerol Lactate Glycolysis Adipocyte Glycerogenesis |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/5440.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT florianarotondo effectofsexonglucosehandlingbyadipocytesisolatedfromratsubcutaneousmesentericandperigonadaladiposetissue AT anaceciliahopalma effectofsexonglucosehandlingbyadipocytesisolatedfromratsubcutaneousmesentericandperigonadaladiposetissue AT xavierremesar effectofsexonglucosehandlingbyadipocytesisolatedfromratsubcutaneousmesentericandperigonadaladiposetissue AT joseantoniofernandezlopez effectofsexonglucosehandlingbyadipocytesisolatedfromratsubcutaneousmesentericandperigonadaladiposetissue AT mariadelmarromero effectofsexonglucosehandlingbyadipocytesisolatedfromratsubcutaneousmesentericandperigonadaladiposetissue AT mariaalemany effectofsexonglucosehandlingbyadipocytesisolatedfromratsubcutaneousmesentericandperigonadaladiposetissue |