Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens
Comparing age and sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization and mortality with MERS-CoV, seasonal coronaviruses, influenza and other health outcomes opens the way to generating hypotheses as to underlying mechanisms driving disease risk. Using 60-year-olds as a reference age group, we find that...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211498 |
| _version_ | 1797837670039158784 |
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| author | C. Jessica E. Metcalf Juliette Paireau Megan O'Driscoll Mathilde Pivette Bruno Hubert Isabelle Pontais Sema Nickbakhsh Derek A. T. Cummings Simon Cauchemez Henrik Salje |
| author_facet | C. Jessica E. Metcalf Juliette Paireau Megan O'Driscoll Mathilde Pivette Bruno Hubert Isabelle Pontais Sema Nickbakhsh Derek A. T. Cummings Simon Cauchemez Henrik Salje |
| author_sort | C. Jessica E. Metcalf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Comparing age and sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization and mortality with MERS-CoV, seasonal coronaviruses, influenza and other health outcomes opens the way to generating hypotheses as to underlying mechanisms driving disease risk. Using 60-year-olds as a reference age group, we find that relative rates of hospitalization and mortality associated with the emergent coronaviruses are lower during childhood and start to increase earlier (around puberty) as compared with influenza and seasonal coronaviruses. The changing distribution of disease risk by age for emerging pathogens appears to broadly track the gradual deterioration of the immune system (immunosenescence), which starts around puberty. By contrast, differences in severe disease risk by age from endemic pathogens are more decoupled from the immune ageing process. Intriguingly, age-specific sex differences in hospitalizations are largely similar across endemic and emerging infections. We discuss potential mechanisms that may be associated with these patterns. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:28:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d145c5fcc22e498584bb51035ba57a1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:28:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d145c5fcc22e498584bb51035ba57a1f2023-04-28T10:52:23ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032022-06-019610.1098/rsos.211498Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogensC. Jessica E. Metcalf0Juliette Paireau1Megan O'Driscoll2Mathilde Pivette3Bruno Hubert4Isabelle Pontais5Sema Nickbakhsh6Derek A. T. Cummings7Simon Cauchemez8Henrik Salje9Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAMathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR2000, Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKSanté publique France, French national public health agency, Saint Maurice, FranceSanté publique France, French national public health agency, Saint Maurice, FranceSanté publique France, French national public health agency, Saint Maurice, FranceMRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UKDepartment of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USAMathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR2000, Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKComparing age and sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization and mortality with MERS-CoV, seasonal coronaviruses, influenza and other health outcomes opens the way to generating hypotheses as to underlying mechanisms driving disease risk. Using 60-year-olds as a reference age group, we find that relative rates of hospitalization and mortality associated with the emergent coronaviruses are lower during childhood and start to increase earlier (around puberty) as compared with influenza and seasonal coronaviruses. The changing distribution of disease risk by age for emerging pathogens appears to broadly track the gradual deterioration of the immune system (immunosenescence), which starts around puberty. By contrast, differences in severe disease risk by age from endemic pathogens are more decoupled from the immune ageing process. Intriguingly, age-specific sex differences in hospitalizations are largely similar across endemic and emerging infections. We discuss potential mechanisms that may be associated with these patterns.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211498comparingagesextrajectoriesSARSCoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | C. Jessica E. Metcalf Juliette Paireau Megan O'Driscoll Mathilde Pivette Bruno Hubert Isabelle Pontais Sema Nickbakhsh Derek A. T. Cummings Simon Cauchemez Henrik Salje Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens Royal Society Open Science comparing age sex trajectories SARS CoV-2 |
| title | Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens |
| title_full | Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens |
| title_short | Comparing the age and sex trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens |
| title_sort | comparing the age and sex trajectories of sars cov 2 morbidity and mortality with other respiratory pathogens |
| topic | comparing age sex trajectories SARS CoV-2 |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211498 |
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