Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition
The caryopses of barley become firmly adhered to the husk during grain development through a cuticular cementing layer on the caryopsis surface. The degree of this attachment varies among cultivars, with poor quality adhesion causing “skinning”, an economically significant grain quality defect for t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00672/full |
| _version_ | 1818945720998166528 |
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| author | Maree Brennan Pete E. Hedley Cairistiona F. E. Topp Jenny Morris Luke Ramsay Steve Mitchell Tom Shepherd William T. B. Thomas Stephen P. Hoad |
| author_facet | Maree Brennan Pete E. Hedley Cairistiona F. E. Topp Jenny Morris Luke Ramsay Steve Mitchell Tom Shepherd William T. B. Thomas Stephen P. Hoad |
| author_sort | Maree Brennan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The caryopses of barley become firmly adhered to the husk during grain development through a cuticular cementing layer on the caryopsis surface. The degree of this attachment varies among cultivars, with poor quality adhesion causing “skinning”, an economically significant grain quality defect for the malting industry. Malting cultivars encompassing a range of husk adhesion qualities were grown under a misting treatment known to induce skinning. Development of the cementing layer was examined by electron microscopy and compositional changes of the cementing layer were investigated with gas-chromatography followed by mass spectroscopy. Changes in gene expression during adhesion development were examined with a custom barley microarray. The abundance of transcripts involved early in cuticular lipid biosynthesis, including those encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and all four members of the fatty acid elongase complex of enzymes, was significantly higher earlier in caryopsis development than later. Genes associated with subsequent cuticular lipid biosynthetic pathways were also expressed higher early in development, including the decarbonylation and reductive pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. Changes in cuticular composition indicate that lowered proportions of alkanes and higher proportions of fatty acids are associated with development of good quality husk adhesion, in addition to higher proportions of sterols. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T08:03:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d1480e9cf66d4163b4c84faa2dbe7a75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T08:03:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d1480e9cf66d4163b4c84faa2dbe7a752022-12-21T19:47:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2019-05-011010.3389/fpls.2019.00672444117Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and CompositionMaree Brennan0Pete E. Hedley1Cairistiona F. E. Topp2Jenny Morris3Luke Ramsay4Steve Mitchell5Tom Shepherd6William T. B. Thomas7Stephen P. Hoad8Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United KingdomJames Hutton Institute, Dundee, United KingdomScotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United KingdomJames Hutton Institute, Dundee, United KingdomJames Hutton Institute, Dundee, United KingdomInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomJames Hutton Institute, Dundee, United KingdomJames Hutton Institute, Dundee, United KingdomScotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United KingdomThe caryopses of barley become firmly adhered to the husk during grain development through a cuticular cementing layer on the caryopsis surface. The degree of this attachment varies among cultivars, with poor quality adhesion causing “skinning”, an economically significant grain quality defect for the malting industry. Malting cultivars encompassing a range of husk adhesion qualities were grown under a misting treatment known to induce skinning. Development of the cementing layer was examined by electron microscopy and compositional changes of the cementing layer were investigated with gas-chromatography followed by mass spectroscopy. Changes in gene expression during adhesion development were examined with a custom barley microarray. The abundance of transcripts involved early in cuticular lipid biosynthesis, including those encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and all four members of the fatty acid elongase complex of enzymes, was significantly higher earlier in caryopsis development than later. Genes associated with subsequent cuticular lipid biosynthetic pathways were also expressed higher early in development, including the decarbonylation and reductive pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. Changes in cuticular composition indicate that lowered proportions of alkanes and higher proportions of fatty acids are associated with development of good quality husk adhesion, in addition to higher proportions of sterols.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00672/fullbarley (Hordeum vulgare)caryopsiscementing layergrain developmentgrain skinninghusk adhesion |
| spellingShingle | Maree Brennan Pete E. Hedley Cairistiona F. E. Topp Jenny Morris Luke Ramsay Steve Mitchell Tom Shepherd William T. B. Thomas Stephen P. Hoad Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition Frontiers in Plant Science barley (Hordeum vulgare) caryopsis cementing layer grain development grain skinning husk adhesion |
| title | Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition |
| title_full | Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition |
| title_fullStr | Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition |
| title_short | Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition |
| title_sort | development and quality of barley husk adhesion correlates with changes in caryopsis cuticle biosynthesis and composition |
| topic | barley (Hordeum vulgare) caryopsis cementing layer grain development grain skinning husk adhesion |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00672/full |
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