The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Several studies have investigated various biomarkers in relation to peripheral artery disease (PAD) for disease stratification and early-onset detection. In PAD, angiogenesis is required for tissue restoration and tissue perfusion. Considering changes in angiogenesis in patients with PAD, angiogenic...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/6/1596 |
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| author | Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga Aleksandra Szustkiewicz-Karoń Mateusz Gajda Maria Kapusta Wojciech Maga Martyna Schönborn |
| author_facet | Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga Aleksandra Szustkiewicz-Karoń Mateusz Gajda Maria Kapusta Wojciech Maga Martyna Schönborn |
| author_sort | Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several studies have investigated various biomarkers in relation to peripheral artery disease (PAD) for disease stratification and early-onset detection. In PAD, angiogenesis is required for tissue restoration and tissue perfusion. Considering changes in angiogenesis in patients with PAD, angiogenic factors could be explored as one of the new prognostic molecules. In recent studies, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have gained recognition as new, easily obtained diagnostic materials. This study aimed to compare the levels of selected circulating angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, and ANG-1) in unstimulated whole saliva (WS) and GCF versus plasma at three points in time to find possible correlations between their concentrations among patients with PAD and diabetes type 2 in 32 patients with Rutherford stages 5 and 6. A significant positive correlation has been demonstrated between circulating PDGF-BB levels in GCF and plasma. In most cases, comorbidities do not have an impact on the change in general correlation for the whole group. Our results clearly showed that GCF could be a good source for PDGF assessment. However, future studies with a larger number of subjects are warranted to confirm this finding and identify the most accurate angiogenic biomarkers in saliva or GCF that could be applied in clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:45:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d166c131e8e14c1db658d5ce76e67255 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:45:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-d166c131e8e14c1db658d5ce76e672552023-11-18T09:25:32ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-05-01116159610.3390/biomedicines11061596The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 DiabetesIwona Gregorczyk-Maga0Aleksandra Szustkiewicz-Karoń1Mateusz Gajda2Maria Kapusta3Wojciech Maga4Martyna Schönborn5Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, PolandSeveral studies have investigated various biomarkers in relation to peripheral artery disease (PAD) for disease stratification and early-onset detection. In PAD, angiogenesis is required for tissue restoration and tissue perfusion. Considering changes in angiogenesis in patients with PAD, angiogenic factors could be explored as one of the new prognostic molecules. In recent studies, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have gained recognition as new, easily obtained diagnostic materials. This study aimed to compare the levels of selected circulating angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, and ANG-1) in unstimulated whole saliva (WS) and GCF versus plasma at three points in time to find possible correlations between their concentrations among patients with PAD and diabetes type 2 in 32 patients with Rutherford stages 5 and 6. A significant positive correlation has been demonstrated between circulating PDGF-BB levels in GCF and plasma. In most cases, comorbidities do not have an impact on the change in general correlation for the whole group. Our results clearly showed that GCF could be a good source for PDGF assessment. However, future studies with a larger number of subjects are warranted to confirm this finding and identify the most accurate angiogenic biomarkers in saliva or GCF that could be applied in clinical practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/6/1596gingival crevicular fluidangiogenesiscirculating proangiogenic factorcirculating antiangiogenic factorPAD |
| spellingShingle | Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga Aleksandra Szustkiewicz-Karoń Mateusz Gajda Maria Kapusta Wojciech Maga Martyna Schönborn The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Biomedicines gingival crevicular fluid angiogenesis circulating proangiogenic factor circulating antiangiogenic factor PAD |
| title | The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full | The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_short | The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_sort | concentration of pro and antiangiogenic factors in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid compared to plasma in patients with peripheral artery disease and type 2 diabetes |
| topic | gingival crevicular fluid angiogenesis circulating proangiogenic factor circulating antiangiogenic factor PAD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/6/1596 |
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