The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models
The ESTE system is running in nuclear crisis centers at various levels of emergency preparedness and response in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria, and Iran (at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)). ESTE is a decision-support syst...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/2/204 |
| _version_ | 1797415648927678464 |
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| author | Ľudovít Lipták Eva Fojcíková Monika Krpelanová Viera Fabová Peter Čarný |
| author_facet | Ľudovít Lipták Eva Fojcíková Monika Krpelanová Viera Fabová Peter Čarný |
| author_sort | Ľudovít Lipták |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ESTE system is running in nuclear crisis centers at various levels of emergency preparedness and response in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria, and Iran (at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)). ESTE is a decision-support system that runs 24/7 and serves the crisis staff to propose actions to protect inhabitants against radiation in case of a nuclear accident. ESTE is also applicable as a decision-support system in case of a malicious act with a radioactive dispersal device in an urban or industrial environment. The dispersion models implemented in ESTE are the Lagrangian particle model (LPM) and the Puff trajectory model (PTM). We describe model approaches as implemented in ESTE. The PTM is applied in ESTE for the dispersion calculation near the point of release, up to 100 km from the point of a nuclear accident. The LPM for general atmospheric transport is applied for short-range, meso-scale and large-scale dispersion, up to dispersion on the global scale. Additionally, a specific micro-scale implementation of the LPM is applied for urban scale dispersion modeling. The dispersion models of ESTE are joined with radiological-consequences models to calculate a complete spectrum of radiological parameters—effective doses, committed doses, and dose rates by various irradiation pathways and by various radionuclides. Finally, radiation protective measures, like sheltering, iodine prophylaxis, or evacuation, evaluated on the base of predicted radiological impacts, are proposed. The dispersion and radiological models of the state-of-the-art ESTE systems are described. The results of specific analyses, like the number of particles applied, the initial spatial distribution of the source, and the height of the bottom reference layer, are presented and discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:51:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d167648ab46f467799b5b8f43ffd1128 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:51:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-d167648ab46f467799b5b8f43ffd11282023-12-03T12:17:08ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-02-0112220410.3390/atmos12020204The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion ModelsĽudovít Lipták0Eva Fojcíková1Monika Krpelanová2Viera Fabová3Peter Čarný4ABmerit, s.r.o., Hornopotočná 1, P.O. Box 200, 917 01 Trnava, SlovakiaABmerit, s.r.o., Hornopotočná 1, P.O. Box 200, 917 01 Trnava, SlovakiaABmerit, s.r.o., Hornopotočná 1, P.O. Box 200, 917 01 Trnava, SlovakiaABmerit, s.r.o., Hornopotočná 1, P.O. Box 200, 917 01 Trnava, SlovakiaABmerit, s.r.o., Hornopotočná 1, P.O. Box 200, 917 01 Trnava, SlovakiaThe ESTE system is running in nuclear crisis centers at various levels of emergency preparedness and response in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria, and Iran (at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)). ESTE is a decision-support system that runs 24/7 and serves the crisis staff to propose actions to protect inhabitants against radiation in case of a nuclear accident. ESTE is also applicable as a decision-support system in case of a malicious act with a radioactive dispersal device in an urban or industrial environment. The dispersion models implemented in ESTE are the Lagrangian particle model (LPM) and the Puff trajectory model (PTM). We describe model approaches as implemented in ESTE. The PTM is applied in ESTE for the dispersion calculation near the point of release, up to 100 km from the point of a nuclear accident. The LPM for general atmospheric transport is applied for short-range, meso-scale and large-scale dispersion, up to dispersion on the global scale. Additionally, a specific micro-scale implementation of the LPM is applied for urban scale dispersion modeling. The dispersion models of ESTE are joined with radiological-consequences models to calculate a complete spectrum of radiological parameters—effective doses, committed doses, and dose rates by various irradiation pathways and by various radionuclides. Finally, radiation protective measures, like sheltering, iodine prophylaxis, or evacuation, evaluated on the base of predicted radiological impacts, are proposed. The dispersion and radiological models of the state-of-the-art ESTE systems are described. The results of specific analyses, like the number of particles applied, the initial spatial distribution of the source, and the height of the bottom reference layer, are presented and discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/2/204nuclear accidentsdecision supportprotective measuresLPMPTMCBRN |
| spellingShingle | Ľudovít Lipták Eva Fojcíková Monika Krpelanová Viera Fabová Peter Čarný The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models Atmosphere nuclear accidents decision support protective measures LPM PTM CBRN |
| title | The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models |
| title_full | The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models |
| title_fullStr | The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models |
| title_short | The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models |
| title_sort | este decision support system for nuclear and radiological emergencies atmospheric dispersion models |
| topic | nuclear accidents decision support protective measures LPM PTM CBRN |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/2/204 |
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