Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study
Abstract Background Influenza and flu-like syndromes are difficult to monitor because the symptoms are not specific, laboratory tests are not routinely performed, and diagnosis codes are often lacking or incompletely registered in medical records. This may result in an underestimation of hospital ad...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09071-z |
| _version_ | 1797275713654489088 |
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| author | Giovanni Fattore Benedetta Pongiglione Luigi Vezzosi |
| author_facet | Giovanni Fattore Benedetta Pongiglione Luigi Vezzosi |
| author_sort | Giovanni Fattore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Influenza and flu-like syndromes are difficult to monitor because the symptoms are not specific, laboratory tests are not routinely performed, and diagnosis codes are often lacking or incompletely registered in medical records. This may result in an underestimation of hospital admissions, associated costs, and in-hospital mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the public health and economic burden of hospitalisations associated with influenza in Italy, at the national and regional levels. Methods This 11-year retrospective study included patients admitted to hospitals for influenza or diagnoses associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) from 2008/09 to 2018/19. Data on hospitalisations were extracted from the Italian Hospital Discharge Records. Information on weekly influenza-like syndrome incidence and weekly average temperature were used to estimate the burden of influenza in terms of hospital admissions in every Italian region and for different age groups by applying a negative binomial model. The model was also applied to estimate in-hospital mortality and the total costs of influenza and influenza-like hospital admissions. Results Over the study period, in addition to 3,970 average seasonal admissions coded as influenza, we estimated an average of 21,500 excess hospitalization associated with influenza per season, which corresponds to 36.4 cases per 100,000. Most of the excess hospitalisations concerned older individuals (> 65 years) and children (0–4 years) with 86 and 125 cases per 100,000, respectively. Large variations were observed across regions. Overall, the total estimated hospital burden associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) was approximately €123 m per year. While the in-hospital mortality for admissions with a primary diagnosis of influenza was very low (~ 150 cases per season), cases increased dramatically for primary diagnoses of influenza and pneumonia (about 9,500 cases per season). The average seasonal in-hospital deaths attributable to influenza were equal to 2,775 cases. Conclusions Our findings suggest a remarkable underestimation of the burden of influenza, mostly in the older population but not neglectable in younger individuals. Our results may aid the management of current and future flu seasons and should be used for policy making (e.g., vaccine strategies) and operation management choices (e.g., planning and staffing beds during influenza peaks). Overall, the present study supports the need for increased testing for influenza in Italy to tackle the current underestimation of influenza burden. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:18:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d16c665123314b0c8c0a747b7a68e67e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:18:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-d16c665123314b0c8c0a747b7a68e67e2024-03-05T17:49:34ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342024-02-0124111610.1186/s12879-024-09071-zExcess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective studyGiovanni Fattore0Benedetta Pongiglione1Luigi Vezzosi2Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi UniversitySDA Bocconi School of Management, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care ManagementDepartment of Hygiene and Health Prevention, Prevention of Infectious Diseases Unit, Health Protection Agency Val PadanaAbstract Background Influenza and flu-like syndromes are difficult to monitor because the symptoms are not specific, laboratory tests are not routinely performed, and diagnosis codes are often lacking or incompletely registered in medical records. This may result in an underestimation of hospital admissions, associated costs, and in-hospital mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the public health and economic burden of hospitalisations associated with influenza in Italy, at the national and regional levels. Methods This 11-year retrospective study included patients admitted to hospitals for influenza or diagnoses associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) from 2008/09 to 2018/19. Data on hospitalisations were extracted from the Italian Hospital Discharge Records. Information on weekly influenza-like syndrome incidence and weekly average temperature were used to estimate the burden of influenza in terms of hospital admissions in every Italian region and for different age groups by applying a negative binomial model. The model was also applied to estimate in-hospital mortality and the total costs of influenza and influenza-like hospital admissions. Results Over the study period, in addition to 3,970 average seasonal admissions coded as influenza, we estimated an average of 21,500 excess hospitalization associated with influenza per season, which corresponds to 36.4 cases per 100,000. Most of the excess hospitalisations concerned older individuals (> 65 years) and children (0–4 years) with 86 and 125 cases per 100,000, respectively. Large variations were observed across regions. Overall, the total estimated hospital burden associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) was approximately €123 m per year. While the in-hospital mortality for admissions with a primary diagnosis of influenza was very low (~ 150 cases per season), cases increased dramatically for primary diagnoses of influenza and pneumonia (about 9,500 cases per season). The average seasonal in-hospital deaths attributable to influenza were equal to 2,775 cases. Conclusions Our findings suggest a remarkable underestimation of the burden of influenza, mostly in the older population but not neglectable in younger individuals. Our results may aid the management of current and future flu seasons and should be used for policy making (e.g., vaccine strategies) and operation management choices (e.g., planning and staffing beds during influenza peaks). Overall, the present study supports the need for increased testing for influenza in Italy to tackle the current underestimation of influenza burden.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09071-zInfluenzaBurdenExcessHospitalizationCardiovascularRespiratory |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Fattore Benedetta Pongiglione Luigi Vezzosi Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study BMC Infectious Diseases Influenza Burden Excess Hospitalization Cardiovascular Respiratory |
| title | Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study |
| title_full | Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study |
| title_fullStr | Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study |
| title_short | Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study |
| title_sort | excess hospitalizations and in hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in italy a 11 year retrospective study |
| topic | Influenza Burden Excess Hospitalization Cardiovascular Respiratory |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09071-z |
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