Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin Responses
Disintegration of rye and wheat breads during in vitro gastric digestion and its relation to the postprandial glucose and insulin responses of the breads was studied. Breads with distinct composition and texture characteristics were prepared with refined or wholegrain wheat and rye flour by using ei...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/5/2/24 |
| _version_ | 1811325797404770304 |
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| author | Emilia Nordlund Kati Katina Hannu Mykkänen Kaisa Poutanen |
| author_facet | Emilia Nordlund Kati Katina Hannu Mykkänen Kaisa Poutanen |
| author_sort | Emilia Nordlund |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Disintegration of rye and wheat breads during in vitro gastric digestion and its relation to the postprandial glucose and insulin responses of the breads was studied. Breads with distinct composition and texture characteristics were prepared with refined or wholegrain wheat and rye flour by using either straight dough or sourdough process. After chewing and gastric digestion in vitro, 100% wholemeal and refined rye breads prepared by sourdough method were disintegrated to a much lower extent than the wheat breads, having more bread digesta particles with size over 2 or 3 mm. Microstructure of the digesta particles of rye sourdough bread revealed more aggregated and less degraded starch granules when compared to refined wheat bread. The postprandial insulin responses, but not those of glucose, to the 100% rye breads made with sourdough method were lower than the responses to the refined wheat bread. Addition of gluten or bran in rye sourdough bread increased insulin response. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis confirmed that the insulin response had a negative correlation with the number of larger particles after in vitro digestion as well as amount of soluble fiber and sourdough process. Since the high relative proportion of large sized particles after chewing and in vitro gastric digestion was associated with low postprandial insulin responses, the analysis of structural disintegration in vitro is proposed as a complementary tool in predicting postprandial physiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:40:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d17272c465374cc0833041d6d215b97f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:40:00Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d17272c465374cc0833041d6d215b97f2022-12-22T02:42:56ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582016-03-01522410.3390/foods5020024foods5020024Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin ResponsesEmilia Nordlund0Kati Katina1Hannu Mykkänen2Kaisa Poutanen3VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, 02150 Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Food and Environmental sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, FinlandVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, 02150 Espoo, FinlandDisintegration of rye and wheat breads during in vitro gastric digestion and its relation to the postprandial glucose and insulin responses of the breads was studied. Breads with distinct composition and texture characteristics were prepared with refined or wholegrain wheat and rye flour by using either straight dough or sourdough process. After chewing and gastric digestion in vitro, 100% wholemeal and refined rye breads prepared by sourdough method were disintegrated to a much lower extent than the wheat breads, having more bread digesta particles with size over 2 or 3 mm. Microstructure of the digesta particles of rye sourdough bread revealed more aggregated and less degraded starch granules when compared to refined wheat bread. The postprandial insulin responses, but not those of glucose, to the 100% rye breads made with sourdough method were lower than the responses to the refined wheat bread. Addition of gluten or bran in rye sourdough bread increased insulin response. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis confirmed that the insulin response had a negative correlation with the number of larger particles after in vitro digestion as well as amount of soluble fiber and sourdough process. Since the high relative proportion of large sized particles after chewing and in vitro gastric digestion was associated with low postprandial insulin responses, the analysis of structural disintegration in vitro is proposed as a complementary tool in predicting postprandial physiology.http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/5/2/24ryewheatbreadsourdoughin vitro digestionparticle sizeinsulin responseglucose response |
| spellingShingle | Emilia Nordlund Kati Katina Hannu Mykkänen Kaisa Poutanen Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin Responses Foods rye wheat bread sourdough in vitro digestion particle size insulin response glucose response |
| title | Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin Responses |
| title_full | Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin Responses |
| title_fullStr | Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin Responses |
| title_short | Distinct Characteristics of Rye and Wheat Breads Impact on Their in Vitro Gastric Disintegration and in Vivo Glucose and Insulin Responses |
| title_sort | distinct characteristics of rye and wheat breads impact on their in vitro gastric disintegration and in vivo glucose and insulin responses |
| topic | rye wheat bread sourdough in vitro digestion particle size insulin response glucose response |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/5/2/24 |
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