A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households
A higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals that have close contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive humans (“COVID-19 households”) has been demonstrated in several countries. This prospective study aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animals from Swiss COVID-19 households and to ass...
| Glavni autori: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Članak |
| Jezik: | English |
| Izdano: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Serija: | Viruses |
| Teme: | |
| Online pristup: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/731 |
| _version_ | 1827747300338827264 |
|---|---|
| author | Evelyn Kuhlmeier Tatjana Chan Marina L. Meli Barbara Willi Aline Wolfensberger Katja Reitt Julia Hüttl Sarah Jones Grace Tyson Margaret J. Hosie Yury Zablotski Regina Hofmann-Lehmann |
| author_facet | Evelyn Kuhlmeier Tatjana Chan Marina L. Meli Barbara Willi Aline Wolfensberger Katja Reitt Julia Hüttl Sarah Jones Grace Tyson Margaret J. Hosie Yury Zablotski Regina Hofmann-Lehmann |
| author_sort | Evelyn Kuhlmeier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals that have close contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive humans (“COVID-19 households”) has been demonstrated in several countries. This prospective study aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animals from Swiss COVID-19 households and to assess the potential risk factors for infection. The study included 226 companion animals (172 cats, 76.1%; 49 dogs, 21.7%; and 5 other animals, 2.2%) from 122 COVID-19 households with 336 human household members (including 230 SARS-CoV-2-positive people). The animals were tested for viral RNA using an RT-qPCR and/or serologically for antibodies and neutralizing activity. Additionally, surface samples from animal fur and beds underwent an RT-qPCR. A questionnaire about hygiene, animal hygiene, and contact intensity was completed by the household members. A total of 49 of the 226 animals (21.7%) from 31 of the 122 households (25.4%) tested positive/questionably positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 37 of the 172 cats (21.5%) and 12 of the 49 dogs (24.5%). The surface samples tested positive significantly more often in households with SARS-CoV-2-positive animals than in households with SARS-CoV-2-negative animals (<i>p</i> = 0.011). Significantly more animals tested positive in the multivariable analysis for households with minors. For cats, a shorter length of outdoor access and a higher frequency of removing droppings from litterboxes were factors that were significantly associated with higher infection rates. The study emphasizes that the behavior of owners and the living conditions of animals can influence the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in companion animals. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the infection transmission and dynamics in animals, as well as to identify the possible risk factors for animals in infected households. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:46:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d18003b4f7e44b3a9f8adf30bc561aa3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:46:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d18003b4f7e44b3a9f8adf30bc561aa32023-11-17T14:23:33ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-03-0115373110.3390/v15030731A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected HouseholdsEvelyn Kuhlmeier0Tatjana Chan1Marina L. Meli2Barbara Willi3Aline Wolfensberger4Katja Reitt5Julia Hüttl6Sarah Jones7Grace Tyson8Margaret J. Hosie9Yury Zablotski10Regina Hofmann-Lehmann11Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandCenter for Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Frohbergstrasse 3, 9001 St. Gallen, SwitzerlandCenter for Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Frohbergstrasse 3, 9001 St. Gallen, SwitzerlandSchool of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UKSchool of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UKMRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UKClinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyClinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandA higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals that have close contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive humans (“COVID-19 households”) has been demonstrated in several countries. This prospective study aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animals from Swiss COVID-19 households and to assess the potential risk factors for infection. The study included 226 companion animals (172 cats, 76.1%; 49 dogs, 21.7%; and 5 other animals, 2.2%) from 122 COVID-19 households with 336 human household members (including 230 SARS-CoV-2-positive people). The animals were tested for viral RNA using an RT-qPCR and/or serologically for antibodies and neutralizing activity. Additionally, surface samples from animal fur and beds underwent an RT-qPCR. A questionnaire about hygiene, animal hygiene, and contact intensity was completed by the household members. A total of 49 of the 226 animals (21.7%) from 31 of the 122 households (25.4%) tested positive/questionably positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 37 of the 172 cats (21.5%) and 12 of the 49 dogs (24.5%). The surface samples tested positive significantly more often in households with SARS-CoV-2-positive animals than in households with SARS-CoV-2-negative animals (<i>p</i> = 0.011). Significantly more animals tested positive in the multivariable analysis for households with minors. For cats, a shorter length of outdoor access and a higher frequency of removing droppings from litterboxes were factors that were significantly associated with higher infection rates. The study emphasizes that the behavior of owners and the living conditions of animals can influence the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in companion animals. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the infection transmission and dynamics in animals, as well as to identify the possible risk factors for animals in infected households.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/731SARS-CoV-2COVID-19 householdsrisk factor analysisRT-qPCRone health |
| spellingShingle | Evelyn Kuhlmeier Tatjana Chan Marina L. Meli Barbara Willi Aline Wolfensberger Katja Reitt Julia Hüttl Sarah Jones Grace Tyson Margaret J. Hosie Yury Zablotski Regina Hofmann-Lehmann A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households Viruses SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 households risk factor analysis RT-qPCR one health |
| title | A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households |
| title_full | A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households |
| title_fullStr | A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households |
| title_short | A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households |
| title_sort | risk factor analysis of sars cov 2 infection in animals in covid 19 affected households |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 households risk factor analysis RT-qPCR one health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/731 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT evelynkuhlmeier ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT tatjanachan ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT marinalmeli ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT barbarawilli ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT alinewolfensberger ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT katjareitt ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT juliahuttl ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT sarahjones ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT gracetyson ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT margaretjhosie ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT yuryzablotski ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT reginahofmannlehmann ariskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT evelynkuhlmeier riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT tatjanachan riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT marinalmeli riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT barbarawilli riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT alinewolfensberger riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT katjareitt riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT juliahuttl riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT sarahjones riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT gracetyson riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT margaretjhosie riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT yuryzablotski riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds AT reginahofmannlehmann riskfactoranalysisofsarscov2infectioninanimalsincovid19affectedhouseholds |