Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water
The current research aims to study the impacts of adding corncob biochar to a sandy soil irrigated with drainage water on wheat productivity, heavy metals fate, and some soil properties that reflect healthy soil conditions. This research consists of two separate experiments under field (lysimeters)...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/10/1723 |
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| author | Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim Ahmad M. Menesi Mahmoud M. Abd El-Mageed Joanna Lemanowicz Samir A. Haddad |
| author_facet | Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim Ahmad M. Menesi Mahmoud M. Abd El-Mageed Joanna Lemanowicz Samir A. Haddad |
| author_sort | Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current research aims to study the impacts of adding corncob biochar to a sandy soil irrigated with drainage water on wheat productivity, heavy metals fate, and some soil properties that reflect healthy soil conditions. This research consists of two separate experiments under field (lysimeters) and pot incubation conditions conducted on sandy soil irrigated with drainage water and treated with corncob biochar at the rate of 0.0, 1, 2, and 3% as mixing or mulching. Results specified that drainage water electrical conductivity value (5.89 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) lies under the degree of restriction on use of “Severe”, indicating that nonstop irrigation with such drainage water may cause a severe salinity problem in soil in the long run. A comparison of heavy metal concentrations of biochar-treated soils with the control showed that total heavy metals had accumulated significantly in the topsoil layer. Most of the available heavy metal concentrations in all soil leachate fractions were below the method detection limits. Mean concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in wheat crops were far below the concentrations considered phytotoxic to wheat plants. More than 90% of the Ni, Cd, and Pb contained in the drainage water of the Al-Moheet drain were significantly present (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and adsorbed by biochar in the top 20 cm of soil lysimeters, indicating the high biochar adsorptive capacity of heavy metals. Total counts of bacteria and fungi gradually and significantly increased over the soil incubation time despite irrigation with contaminated drainage water. Soil resistance index (SRI) values for microbial biomass were positive throughout the experiment and increased significantly as the application rate of corncob biochar increased. These results indicated the high feasibility of using corncob biochar at a rate of 3% to temporarily improve the health of sandy soil despite irrigation with drainage water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:51Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-d1843b2dd4644827a4b795bad0f817502023-11-23T22:23:04ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-10-011210172310.3390/agriculture12101723Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage WaterMohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim0Ahmad M. Menesi1Mahmoud M. Abd El-Mageed2Joanna Lemanowicz3Samir A. Haddad4Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, EgyptSoil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, EgyptAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, EgyptDepartment of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Minia University, El-Minia 61517, EgyptThe current research aims to study the impacts of adding corncob biochar to a sandy soil irrigated with drainage water on wheat productivity, heavy metals fate, and some soil properties that reflect healthy soil conditions. This research consists of two separate experiments under field (lysimeters) and pot incubation conditions conducted on sandy soil irrigated with drainage water and treated with corncob biochar at the rate of 0.0, 1, 2, and 3% as mixing or mulching. Results specified that drainage water electrical conductivity value (5.89 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) lies under the degree of restriction on use of “Severe”, indicating that nonstop irrigation with such drainage water may cause a severe salinity problem in soil in the long run. A comparison of heavy metal concentrations of biochar-treated soils with the control showed that total heavy metals had accumulated significantly in the topsoil layer. Most of the available heavy metal concentrations in all soil leachate fractions were below the method detection limits. Mean concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in wheat crops were far below the concentrations considered phytotoxic to wheat plants. More than 90% of the Ni, Cd, and Pb contained in the drainage water of the Al-Moheet drain were significantly present (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and adsorbed by biochar in the top 20 cm of soil lysimeters, indicating the high biochar adsorptive capacity of heavy metals. Total counts of bacteria and fungi gradually and significantly increased over the soil incubation time despite irrigation with contaminated drainage water. Soil resistance index (SRI) values for microbial biomass were positive throughout the experiment and increased significantly as the application rate of corncob biochar increased. These results indicated the high feasibility of using corncob biochar at a rate of 3% to temporarily improve the health of sandy soil despite irrigation with drainage water.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/10/1723soil propertieswheat productivitycorncob biochardrainage watermicrobial biomass |
| spellingShingle | Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim Ahmad M. Menesi Mahmoud M. Abd El-Mageed Joanna Lemanowicz Samir A. Haddad Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water Agriculture soil properties wheat productivity corncob biochar drainage water microbial biomass |
| title | Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water |
| title_full | Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water |
| title_fullStr | Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water |
| title_short | Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water |
| title_sort | wheat crop yield and changes in soil biological and heavy metals status in a sandy soil amended with biochar and irrigated with drainage water |
| topic | soil properties wheat productivity corncob biochar drainage water microbial biomass |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/10/1723 |
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