Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics
Abstract Many mushroom-forming fungi can develop circular colonies affecting the vegetation in a phenomenon named fairy rings. Since the nineteenth century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how fairy ring fungi form ring-like shapes instead of disks and why they produce negative or p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46006-1 |
| _version_ | 1797559646633852928 |
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| author | Nicole Salvatori Mauro Moreno Maurizio Zotti Annalisa Iuorio Fabrizio Cartenì Giuliano Bonanomi Stefano Mazzoleni Francesco Giannino |
| author_facet | Nicole Salvatori Mauro Moreno Maurizio Zotti Annalisa Iuorio Fabrizio Cartenì Giuliano Bonanomi Stefano Mazzoleni Francesco Giannino |
| author_sort | Nicole Salvatori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Many mushroom-forming fungi can develop circular colonies affecting the vegetation in a phenomenon named fairy rings. Since the nineteenth century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how fairy ring fungi form ring-like shapes instead of disks and why they produce negative or positive effects on the surrounding vegetation. In this context, we present a novel process-based mathematical model aimed at reproducing the mycelial spatial configuration of fairy rings and test different literature-supported hypotheses explaining the suppressive and stimulating effects of fungi on plants. Simulations successfully reproduced the shape of fairy rings through the accumulation of fungal self-inhibitory compounds. Moreover, regarding the negative effects of fungi on vegetation, results suggest that fungal-induced soil hydrophobicity is sufficient to reproduce all observed types of fairy rings, while the potential production of phytotoxins is not. In relation to the positive effects of fungi on plants, results show that the release of phytostimulants is needed to reproduce the vegetation patterns associated to some fairy ring types. Model outputs can guide future experiments and field work to corroborate the considered hypotheses and provide more information for further model improvements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:48:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d18a9ba0c2344c2eb7c33cdb6ffddd1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:48:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-d18a9ba0c2344c2eb7c33cdb6ffddd1c2023-11-20T09:27:29ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-11-0113111310.1038/s41598-023-46006-1Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamicsNicole Salvatori0Mauro Moreno1Maurizio Zotti2Annalisa Iuorio3Fabrizio Cartenì4Giuliano Bonanomi5Stefano Mazzoleni6Francesco Giannino7Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIFaculty of Mathematics, University of ViennaDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIAbstract Many mushroom-forming fungi can develop circular colonies affecting the vegetation in a phenomenon named fairy rings. Since the nineteenth century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how fairy ring fungi form ring-like shapes instead of disks and why they produce negative or positive effects on the surrounding vegetation. In this context, we present a novel process-based mathematical model aimed at reproducing the mycelial spatial configuration of fairy rings and test different literature-supported hypotheses explaining the suppressive and stimulating effects of fungi on plants. Simulations successfully reproduced the shape of fairy rings through the accumulation of fungal self-inhibitory compounds. Moreover, regarding the negative effects of fungi on vegetation, results suggest that fungal-induced soil hydrophobicity is sufficient to reproduce all observed types of fairy rings, while the potential production of phytotoxins is not. In relation to the positive effects of fungi on plants, results show that the release of phytostimulants is needed to reproduce the vegetation patterns associated to some fairy ring types. Model outputs can guide future experiments and field work to corroborate the considered hypotheses and provide more information for further model improvements.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46006-1 |
| spellingShingle | Nicole Salvatori Mauro Moreno Maurizio Zotti Annalisa Iuorio Fabrizio Cartenì Giuliano Bonanomi Stefano Mazzoleni Francesco Giannino Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics Scientific Reports |
| title | Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics |
| title_full | Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics |
| title_fullStr | Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics |
| title_short | Process based modelling of plants–fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics |
| title_sort | process based modelling of plants fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46006-1 |
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