The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy
The Scale Invariant Vacuum (SIV) theory rests on the basic hypothesis that the macroscopic empty space is scale invariant. This hypothesis is applied in the context of the Integrable Weyl Geometry, where it leads to considerable simplifications in the scale covariant cosmological equations. After an...
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/3/46 |
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| author | Andre Maeder Vesselin G. Gueorguiev |
| author_facet | Andre Maeder Vesselin G. Gueorguiev |
| author_sort | Andre Maeder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Scale Invariant Vacuum (SIV) theory rests on the basic hypothesis that the macroscopic empty space is scale invariant. This hypothesis is applied in the context of the Integrable Weyl Geometry, where it leads to considerable simplifications in the scale covariant cosmological equations. After an initial explosion and a phase of braking, the cosmological models show a continuous acceleration of the expansion. Several observational tests of the SIV cosmology are performed: on the relation between <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and the age of the Universe, on the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> diagram for SNIa data and its extension to <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> with quasars and GRBs, and on the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> vs. <i>z</i> relation. All comparisons show a very good agreement between SIV predictions and observations. Predictions for the future observations of the redshift drifts are also given. In the weak field approximation, the equation of motion contains, in addition to the classical Newtonian term, an acceleration term (usually very small) depending on the velocity. The two-body problem is studied, showing a slow expansion of the classical conics. The new equation has been applied to clusters of galaxies, to rotating galaxies (some proximities with Modifies Newtonian Dynamics, MOND, are noticed), to the velocity dispersion vs. the age of the stars in the Milky Way, and to the growth of the density fluctuations in the Universe. We point out the similarity of the mechanical effects of the SIV hypothesis in cosmology and in the Newtonian approximation. In both cases, it results in an additional acceleration in the direction of motions. In cosmology, these effects are currently interpreted in terms of the dark energy hypothesis, while in the Newtonian approximation they are accounted for in terms of the dark matter (DM) hypothesis. These hypotheses appear no longer necessary in the SIV context. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d191bd9f489a4f0eacd492f8bd6331a92022-12-22T02:20:32ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972020-03-01634610.3390/universe6030046universe6030046The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark EnergyAndre Maeder0Vesselin G. Gueorguiev1Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, SwitzerlandInstitute for Advanced Physical Studies, Montevideo Street, Sofia 1618, BulgariaThe Scale Invariant Vacuum (SIV) theory rests on the basic hypothesis that the macroscopic empty space is scale invariant. This hypothesis is applied in the context of the Integrable Weyl Geometry, where it leads to considerable simplifications in the scale covariant cosmological equations. After an initial explosion and a phase of braking, the cosmological models show a continuous acceleration of the expansion. Several observational tests of the SIV cosmology are performed: on the relation between <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and the age of the Universe, on the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> diagram for SNIa data and its extension to <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> with quasars and GRBs, and on the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> vs. <i>z</i> relation. All comparisons show a very good agreement between SIV predictions and observations. Predictions for the future observations of the redshift drifts are also given. In the weak field approximation, the equation of motion contains, in addition to the classical Newtonian term, an acceleration term (usually very small) depending on the velocity. The two-body problem is studied, showing a slow expansion of the classical conics. The new equation has been applied to clusters of galaxies, to rotating galaxies (some proximities with Modifies Newtonian Dynamics, MOND, are noticed), to the velocity dispersion vs. the age of the stars in the Milky Way, and to the growth of the density fluctuations in the Universe. We point out the similarity of the mechanical effects of the SIV hypothesis in cosmology and in the Newtonian approximation. In both cases, it results in an additional acceleration in the direction of motions. In cosmology, these effects are currently interpreted in terms of the dark energy hypothesis, while in the Newtonian approximation they are accounted for in terms of the dark matter (DM) hypothesis. These hypotheses appear no longer necessary in the SIV context.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/3/46cosmology: theory - dark matter - dark energygalaxies: rotation |
| spellingShingle | Andre Maeder Vesselin G. Gueorguiev The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy Universe cosmology: theory - dark matter - dark energy galaxies: rotation |
| title | The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy |
| title_full | The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy |
| title_fullStr | The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy |
| title_short | The Scale-Invariant Vacuum (SIV) Theory: A Possible Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy |
| title_sort | scale invariant vacuum siv theory a possible origin of dark matter and dark energy |
| topic | cosmology: theory - dark matter - dark energy galaxies: rotation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/6/3/46 |
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