Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany
“Flavescence dorée” (FD)-related phytoplasmas are widespread in alder in Germany and their transmission to grapevine represents a high risk for FD outbreaks when the primary vector, <i>Scaphoideus titanus</i>, becomes present in the future. Therefore, the potential role of the Deltocepha...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2766 |
| _version_ | 1827639227225997312 |
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| author | Barbara Jarausch Anna Markheiser Wolfgang Jarausch Sandra Biancu Sanela Kugler Miriam Runne Michael Maixner |
| author_facet | Barbara Jarausch Anna Markheiser Wolfgang Jarausch Sandra Biancu Sanela Kugler Miriam Runne Michael Maixner |
| author_sort | Barbara Jarausch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | “Flavescence dorée” (FD)-related phytoplasmas are widespread in alder in Germany and their transmission to grapevine represents a high risk for FD outbreaks when the primary vector, <i>Scaphoideus titanus</i>, becomes present in the future. Therefore, the potential role of the Deltocephalinae leafhopper species in transmitting FD-related phytoplasmas from alder to grapevine was studied in extensive transmission trials conducted between 2017 and 2020. The transmission capacity of autochthonous <i>Allygus</i> spp. and the invasive <i>Orientus ishidae</i> captured on infected alder trees was tested under controlled conditions using various test designs, including grouped insects and single-insect studies. The latter experiments were analyzed in terms of survival probability, transmission success and phytoplasma load in the insects, measured by quantitative PCR. A minimum inoculation titer (MIT) required for successful transmission to alder was defined for both <i>Allygus</i> spp. and <i>O. ishidae</i>. While <i>Allygus</i> spp. exhibited slightly better survival on <i>Vitis vinifera</i> compared to <i>O. ishidae,</i> the latter displayed higher phytoplasma loads and greater transmission success. Although all species were capable of infecting alder seedlings, <i>O. ishidae</i> was able to transmit 16SrV-phytoplasmas directly to single grapevines. Infective adults of <i>O. ishidae</i> were captured from the beginning of July until the end of August, while <i>Allygus</i> spp. were only considered infective towards the end of the season. Thus, <i>O. ishidae</i> likely poses a higher risk for FD transmission from alder to grapevine, albeit at a very low level, as only five out of 90 transmission trials to <i>V. vinifera</i> were successful. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:35:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d197f4ceaa0d43c78e5957d005c78806 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:35:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-d197f4ceaa0d43c78e5957d005c788062023-11-24T14:57:11ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-11-011111276610.3390/microorganisms11112766Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in GermanyBarbara Jarausch0Anna Markheiser1Wolfgang Jarausch2Sandra Biancu3Sanela Kugler4Miriam Runne5Michael Maixner6Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, GermanyJulius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, GermanyRLP AgroScience, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, GermanyJulius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, GermanyJulius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, GermanyRLP AgroScience, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, GermanyJulius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany“Flavescence dorée” (FD)-related phytoplasmas are widespread in alder in Germany and their transmission to grapevine represents a high risk for FD outbreaks when the primary vector, <i>Scaphoideus titanus</i>, becomes present in the future. Therefore, the potential role of the Deltocephalinae leafhopper species in transmitting FD-related phytoplasmas from alder to grapevine was studied in extensive transmission trials conducted between 2017 and 2020. The transmission capacity of autochthonous <i>Allygus</i> spp. and the invasive <i>Orientus ishidae</i> captured on infected alder trees was tested under controlled conditions using various test designs, including grouped insects and single-insect studies. The latter experiments were analyzed in terms of survival probability, transmission success and phytoplasma load in the insects, measured by quantitative PCR. A minimum inoculation titer (MIT) required for successful transmission to alder was defined for both <i>Allygus</i> spp. and <i>O. ishidae</i>. While <i>Allygus</i> spp. exhibited slightly better survival on <i>Vitis vinifera</i> compared to <i>O. ishidae,</i> the latter displayed higher phytoplasma loads and greater transmission success. Although all species were capable of infecting alder seedlings, <i>O. ishidae</i> was able to transmit 16SrV-phytoplasmas directly to single grapevines. Infective adults of <i>O. ishidae</i> were captured from the beginning of July until the end of August, while <i>Allygus</i> spp. were only considered infective towards the end of the season. Thus, <i>O. ishidae</i> likely poses a higher risk for FD transmission from alder to grapevine, albeit at a very low level, as only five out of 90 transmission trials to <i>V. vinifera</i> were successful.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2766<i>Allygus</i> spp.<i>Orientus ishidae</i>16Sr-V phytoplasmas<i>Alnus glutinosa</i><i>Vitis vinifera</i>survival |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Jarausch Anna Markheiser Wolfgang Jarausch Sandra Biancu Sanela Kugler Miriam Runne Michael Maixner Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany Microorganisms <i>Allygus</i> spp. <i>Orientus ishidae</i> 16Sr-V phytoplasmas <i>Alnus glutinosa</i> <i>Vitis vinifera</i> survival |
| title | Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany |
| title_full | Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany |
| title_fullStr | Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany |
| title_short | Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany |
| title_sort | risk assessment for the spread of flavescence doree related phytoplasmas from alder to grapevine by alternative insect vectors in germany |
| topic | <i>Allygus</i> spp. <i>Orientus ishidae</i> 16Sr-V phytoplasmas <i>Alnus glutinosa</i> <i>Vitis vinifera</i> survival |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2766 |
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