Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound Repair

The restoration of an intact epidermal barrier after wound injury is the culmination of a highly complex and exquisitely regulated physiological process involving multiple cells and tissues, overlapping dynamic events and protein synthesis and regulation. Central to this process is the cytoskeleton,...

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Main Authors: Parinaz Ahangar, Allison J. Cowin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-09-01
Series:Cells
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2779
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author Parinaz Ahangar
Allison J. Cowin
author_facet Parinaz Ahangar
Allison J. Cowin
author_sort Parinaz Ahangar
collection DOAJ
description The restoration of an intact epidermal barrier after wound injury is the culmination of a highly complex and exquisitely regulated physiological process involving multiple cells and tissues, overlapping dynamic events and protein synthesis and regulation. Central to this process is the cytoskeleton, a system of intracellular proteins that are instrumental in regulating important processes involved in wound repair including chemotaxis, cytokinesis, proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis. One highly conserved family of cytoskeletal proteins that are emerging as major regulators of actin and microtubule nucleation, polymerization, and stabilization are the formins. The formin family includes 15 different proteins categorized into seven subfamilies based on three formin homology domains (FH1, FH2, and FH3). The formins themselves are regulated in different ways including autoinhibition, activation, and localization by a range of proteins, including Rho GTPases. Herein, we describe the roles and effects of the formin family of cytoskeletal proteins on the fundamental process of wound healing and highlight recent advances relating to their important functions, mechanisms, and regulation at the molecular and cellular levels.
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spelling doaj.art-d1a5c04841144fd9b3f4e1a2d4eb2c752023-11-23T15:32:07ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-09-011118277910.3390/cells11182779Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound RepairParinaz Ahangar0Allison J. Cowin1Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaFuture Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaThe restoration of an intact epidermal barrier after wound injury is the culmination of a highly complex and exquisitely regulated physiological process involving multiple cells and tissues, overlapping dynamic events and protein synthesis and regulation. Central to this process is the cytoskeleton, a system of intracellular proteins that are instrumental in regulating important processes involved in wound repair including chemotaxis, cytokinesis, proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis. One highly conserved family of cytoskeletal proteins that are emerging as major regulators of actin and microtubule nucleation, polymerization, and stabilization are the formins. The formin family includes 15 different proteins categorized into seven subfamilies based on three formin homology domains (FH1, FH2, and FH3). The formins themselves are regulated in different ways including autoinhibition, activation, and localization by a range of proteins, including Rho GTPases. Herein, we describe the roles and effects of the formin family of cytoskeletal proteins on the fundamental process of wound healing and highlight recent advances relating to their important functions, mechanisms, and regulation at the molecular and cellular levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2779forminswound healingactin filamentsmicrotubulesinflammationproliferation
spellingShingle Parinaz Ahangar
Allison J. Cowin
Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound Repair
Cells
formins
wound healing
actin filaments
microtubules
inflammation
proliferation
title Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound Repair
title_full Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound Repair
title_fullStr Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound Repair
title_full_unstemmed Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound Repair
title_short Reforming the Barrier: The Role of Formins in Wound Repair
title_sort reforming the barrier the role of formins in wound repair
topic formins
wound healing
actin filaments
microtubules
inflammation
proliferation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/18/2779
work_keys_str_mv AT parinazahangar reformingthebarriertheroleofforminsinwoundrepair
AT allisonjcowin reformingthebarriertheroleofforminsinwoundrepair