Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation Sector
Based on the energy strategy of the Republic of Kosovo from 2017–2026, the increase in the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system was aimed at. However, the hydrogen potential was not mentioned. In this work, a roadmap toward the introduction of hydrogen in the e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7275 |
| _version_ | 1797479474200051712 |
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| author | Qëndresa Bresa Ankica Kovač Doria Marciuš |
| author_facet | Qëndresa Bresa Ankica Kovač Doria Marciuš |
| author_sort | Qëndresa Bresa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on the energy strategy of the Republic of Kosovo from 2017–2026, the increase in the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system was aimed at. However, the hydrogen potential was not mentioned. In this work, a roadmap toward the introduction of hydrogen in the energy system, with the main focus on the transportation sector through three phases, is proposed. In the first phase (until 2024), the integration of hydrogen in the transportation sector produced via water electrolysis from the grid electricity, with the increase of up to a 0.5% share of fuel cell vehicles, is intended. In the second phase (2025–2030), the hydrogen integration in the transportation sector is increased by including renewable hydrogen, where the share of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) will be around 4%, while in the third phase (2031–2050), around an 8% share of FCEVs in the transportation was planned. The technical and environmental analysis of hydrogen integration is focused on both the impact of hydrogen in the decarbonization of the transportation sector and the energy system. To model the Kosovo energy system, the hourly deterministic EnergyPLAN model was used. This research describes the methodology based on EnergyPLAN modeling that can be used for any energy system to provide a clear path of RES and hydrogen implementation needed to achieve a zero-emission goal, which was also set by various other countries. The predicted decrease in GHG emissions from 8 Mt in the referent year 2017 amounts to 7 Mt at the end of the first phase 2024, and 4.4 Mt at the end of the second phase 2030, to achieve 0 Mt by 2050. In order to achieve it, the required amount of hydrogen by 2030 resulted in 31,840 kg/year, and by 2050, around 89,731 kg/year. The results show the concrete impact of hydrogen on transport system stabilization and its influence on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:46:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d1a64f4107484aa685698609826ec13b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:46:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-d1a64f4107484aa685698609826ec13b2023-11-23T20:16:11ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-10-011519727510.3390/en15197275Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation SectorQëndresa Bresa0Ankica Kovač1Doria Marciuš2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10020 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10020 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10020 Zagreb, CroatiaBased on the energy strategy of the Republic of Kosovo from 2017–2026, the increase in the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system was aimed at. However, the hydrogen potential was not mentioned. In this work, a roadmap toward the introduction of hydrogen in the energy system, with the main focus on the transportation sector through three phases, is proposed. In the first phase (until 2024), the integration of hydrogen in the transportation sector produced via water electrolysis from the grid electricity, with the increase of up to a 0.5% share of fuel cell vehicles, is intended. In the second phase (2025–2030), the hydrogen integration in the transportation sector is increased by including renewable hydrogen, where the share of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) will be around 4%, while in the third phase (2031–2050), around an 8% share of FCEVs in the transportation was planned. The technical and environmental analysis of hydrogen integration is focused on both the impact of hydrogen in the decarbonization of the transportation sector and the energy system. To model the Kosovo energy system, the hourly deterministic EnergyPLAN model was used. This research describes the methodology based on EnergyPLAN modeling that can be used for any energy system to provide a clear path of RES and hydrogen implementation needed to achieve a zero-emission goal, which was also set by various other countries. The predicted decrease in GHG emissions from 8 Mt in the referent year 2017 amounts to 7 Mt at the end of the first phase 2024, and 4.4 Mt at the end of the second phase 2030, to achieve 0 Mt by 2050. In order to achieve it, the required amount of hydrogen by 2030 resulted in 31,840 kg/year, and by 2050, around 89,731 kg/year. The results show the concrete impact of hydrogen on transport system stabilization and its influence on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7275renewable energy sourcesrenewable hydrogenelectrolysisfuel cell electric vehicletransportationhydrogen strategy |
| spellingShingle | Qëndresa Bresa Ankica Kovač Doria Marciuš Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation Sector Energies renewable energy sources renewable hydrogen electrolysis fuel cell electric vehicle transportation hydrogen strategy |
| title | Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation Sector |
| title_full | Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation Sector |
| title_fullStr | Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation Sector |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation Sector |
| title_short | Introduction of Hydrogen in the Kosovo Transportation Sector |
| title_sort | introduction of hydrogen in the kosovo transportation sector |
| topic | renewable energy sources renewable hydrogen electrolysis fuel cell electric vehicle transportation hydrogen strategy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7275 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qendresabresa introductionofhydrogeninthekosovotransportationsector AT ankicakovac introductionofhydrogeninthekosovotransportationsector AT doriamarcius introductionofhydrogeninthekosovotransportationsector |