The Upregulation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β/Smad Signaling in Bladder Carcinoma Cells
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is known as a TGFβ-like cytokine acting on the TGFβ receptor to modulate target genes. GDF15 is regarded as a tumor suppressor gene in the human bladder and the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) induces GDF15 expression to inhibit the tumor growth in vitro...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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Series: | Biomedicines |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/7/1625 |