Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building Clusters
Increasing numbers of photovoltaic systems and heat pumps in existing building clusters can lead to an overload of the associated electric grid substations. Based on a multi-agent-based simulation of three building cluster types the impact of building flexibility in regard to the residual substation...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/19/5112 |
| _version_ | 1797552112382509056 |
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| author | Monika Hall Achim Geissler |
| author_facet | Monika Hall Achim Geissler |
| author_sort | Monika Hall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing numbers of photovoltaic systems and heat pumps in existing building clusters can lead to an overload of the associated electric grid substations. Based on a multi-agent-based simulation of three building cluster types the impact of building flexibility in regard to the residual substation load is studied. Each building announces its available flexibility, e.g., “heat pump can be switched off/on”. A cluster master coordinator evaluates the incoming offers and decides which offers are accepted in regard to the substation’s capacity utilization. The goal is to honour the substation’s limit by shifting the residual load. This paper presents results from three typical urban building clusters for different penetration scenarios in regard to heat pumps, photovoltaic systems, batteries and electric vehicles. It is shown that in the studied building clusters a high penetration of heat pumps and photovoltaic systems can violate the existing substation’s limits, regardless of the efforts by the master coordinator. Batteries of typical capacities cannot reduce the peak residual load. The load shifting options of the master coordinator are limited. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:55:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d1c80270c9f342d1bf46f5a62cead6f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:55:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-d1c80270c9f342d1bf46f5a62cead6f92023-11-20T15:47:08ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-10-011319511210.3390/en13195112Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building ClustersMonika Hall0Achim Geissler1Institute of Energy in Building, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, SwitzerlandInstitute of Energy in Building, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, SwitzerlandIncreasing numbers of photovoltaic systems and heat pumps in existing building clusters can lead to an overload of the associated electric grid substations. Based on a multi-agent-based simulation of three building cluster types the impact of building flexibility in regard to the residual substation load is studied. Each building announces its available flexibility, e.g., “heat pump can be switched off/on”. A cluster master coordinator evaluates the incoming offers and decides which offers are accepted in regard to the substation’s capacity utilization. The goal is to honour the substation’s limit by shifting the residual load. This paper presents results from three typical urban building clusters for different penetration scenarios in regard to heat pumps, photovoltaic systems, batteries and electric vehicles. It is shown that in the studied building clusters a high penetration of heat pumps and photovoltaic systems can violate the existing substation’s limits, regardless of the efforts by the master coordinator. Batteries of typical capacities cannot reduce the peak residual load. The load shifting options of the master coordinator are limited.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/19/5112multi-agent baseddemand side managementload shiftingresidual loadenergy flexible buildingsbuilding cluster |
| spellingShingle | Monika Hall Achim Geissler Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building Clusters Energies multi-agent based demand side management load shifting residual load energy flexible buildings building cluster |
| title | Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building Clusters |
| title_full | Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building Clusters |
| title_fullStr | Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building Clusters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building Clusters |
| title_short | Load Control by Demand Side Management to Support Grid Stability in Building Clusters |
| title_sort | load control by demand side management to support grid stability in building clusters |
| topic | multi-agent based demand side management load shifting residual load energy flexible buildings building cluster |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/19/5112 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT monikahall loadcontrolbydemandsidemanagementtosupportgridstabilityinbuildingclusters AT achimgeissler loadcontrolbydemandsidemanagementtosupportgridstabilityinbuildingclusters |