Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based study
INTRODUCTION: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is etiologically divided into primary and secondary syndromes. However, a comparative description of both types is lacking in the literature. We compared primary and secondary RLS with respect to demographic determinants, associated risk factors, and comorb...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Annals of Thoracic Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.thoracicmedicine.org/article.asp?issn=1817-1737;year=2018;volume=13;issue=3;spage=175;epage=181;aulast=Alsafadi |
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| author | Samah Alsafadi Bahaa Abaalkhail Siraj Omar Wali Khaled Aljammali Bedor Alotaiby Ibrahim Zakaria Hanadi Sabbahi |
| author_facet | Samah Alsafadi Bahaa Abaalkhail Siraj Omar Wali Khaled Aljammali Bedor Alotaiby Ibrahim Zakaria Hanadi Sabbahi |
| author_sort | Samah Alsafadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | INTRODUCTION: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is etiologically divided into primary and secondary syndromes. However, a comparative description of both types is lacking in the literature. We compared primary and secondary RLS with respect to demographic determinants, associated risk factors, and comorbidities.
METHODS: Following a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of RLS in a Saudi population, RLS cases were identified using the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. Cases were assessed with an interview-based questionnaire regarding baseline characteristics, risk factors, and comorbidities and with lower limb examinations and laboratory measurements. RLS severity was assessed using the IRLSSG Severity Rating Scale.
RESULTS: In total, 78 patients with RLS, including 50 (64.1%) primary and 28 (35.9%) secondary cases, were examined. Of the primary cases, 35 (70%) were male; of the secondary cases, 25 (89.3%) were female (P < 0.001). Multivariate regression confirmed the association of male gender with primary RLS (odds ratio = 14.53, 95% confidence interval [2.9–75], P = 0.001). There were more dark- and black-skinned participants in the primary RLS group (38, 72%) than in the secondary group (15, 28%) (P = 0.042). Iron deficiency was observed in most (26, 92%) of the secondary cases. More severe symptoms were reported in secondary than in primary RLS cases (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Primary RLS is more common but less severe than secondary RLS. Male gender and ethnicity play significant roles in primary RLS, whereas female gender and iron deficiency may be the main risk factors associated with secondary RLS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:19:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d1d12cc3e08b456d8564c562a6f3b63a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1817-1737 1998-3557 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:19:37Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Thoracic Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d1d12cc3e08b456d8564c562a6f3b63a2022-12-22T03:00:48ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAnnals of Thoracic Medicine1817-17371998-35572018-01-0113317518110.4103/atm.ATM_344_17Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based studySamah AlsafadiBahaa AbaalkhailSiraj Omar WaliKhaled AljammaliBedor AlotaibyIbrahim ZakariaHanadi SabbahiINTRODUCTION: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is etiologically divided into primary and secondary syndromes. However, a comparative description of both types is lacking in the literature. We compared primary and secondary RLS with respect to demographic determinants, associated risk factors, and comorbidities. METHODS: Following a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of RLS in a Saudi population, RLS cases were identified using the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. Cases were assessed with an interview-based questionnaire regarding baseline characteristics, risk factors, and comorbidities and with lower limb examinations and laboratory measurements. RLS severity was assessed using the IRLSSG Severity Rating Scale. RESULTS: In total, 78 patients with RLS, including 50 (64.1%) primary and 28 (35.9%) secondary cases, were examined. Of the primary cases, 35 (70%) were male; of the secondary cases, 25 (89.3%) were female (P < 0.001). Multivariate regression confirmed the association of male gender with primary RLS (odds ratio = 14.53, 95% confidence interval [2.9–75], P = 0.001). There were more dark- and black-skinned participants in the primary RLS group (38, 72%) than in the secondary group (15, 28%) (P = 0.042). Iron deficiency was observed in most (26, 92%) of the secondary cases. More severe symptoms were reported in secondary than in primary RLS cases (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Primary RLS is more common but less severe than secondary RLS. Male gender and ethnicity play significant roles in primary RLS, whereas female gender and iron deficiency may be the main risk factors associated with secondary RLS.http://www.thoracicmedicine.org/article.asp?issn=1817-1737;year=2018;volume=13;issue=3;spage=175;epage=181;aulast=AlsafadiPrimaryrestless legs syndromerestless legs syndrome severitysecondary |
| spellingShingle | Samah Alsafadi Bahaa Abaalkhail Siraj Omar Wali Khaled Aljammali Bedor Alotaiby Ibrahim Zakaria Hanadi Sabbahi Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based study Annals of Thoracic Medicine Primary restless legs syndrome restless legs syndrome severity secondary |
| title | Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based study |
| title_full | Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based study |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based study |
| title_short | Risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia: A community-based study |
| title_sort | risk factors of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome among a middle aged population in saudi arabia a community based study |
| topic | Primary restless legs syndrome restless legs syndrome severity secondary |
| url | http://www.thoracicmedicine.org/article.asp?issn=1817-1737;year=2018;volume=13;issue=3;spage=175;epage=181;aulast=Alsafadi |
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