Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA
<i>F. religiosa</i> bark has been extensively used in traditional medicinal systems, such as Ayurveda, for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the secondary metabolites (phenolics and flavonoids) of the hydroalcoholic stem-bark extract from <i>F. religiosa...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| author | Deepak Thakur Uma Ranjan Lal Deepak N. Kapoor Deepak Kumar |
| author_facet | Deepak Thakur Uma Ranjan Lal Deepak N. Kapoor Deepak Kumar |
| author_sort | Deepak Thakur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>F. religiosa</i> bark has been extensively used in traditional medicinal systems, such as Ayurveda, for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the secondary metabolites (phenolics and flavonoids) of the hydroalcoholic stem-bark extract from <i>F. religiosa</i> because this plant has been proven to have a beneficial effect on health disorders. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted for the identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds in <i>F. religiosa</i> bark using sophisticated chromatographical techniques such as UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA. Additionally, total flavonoids, total phenolics and the scavenging profile of the bark were studied using a UV spectrophotometer. A total of 23 compounds identified with UPLC-HRMS were mainly phenolic acids, polyphenolics, and flavonoids (flavanols and proanthocyanidins). Among the identified compounds, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and ellagic acid were simultaneously quantified (0.031–0.380%) using RP-HPLC-PDA. Thereafter, the study complied by evaluating the total flavonoids (109.15 ± 1.2 mg RuE/g and 33.78 ± 0.86 mg CaE/g), total phenolics (4.81 ± 1.01 mg GaE/g), and scavenging profiles (IC<sub>50</sub> 13.75 ± 0.12 µg/mL) of the <i>F. religiosa</i> bark. This is the first report on the chemical profiling of <i>F. religiosa</i> bark, which is a necessary step to evaluate its nutraceutical properties, paving the way for possible food application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:56:26Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d1e5a546df314d54b6124ff515db1e952023-11-18T12:36:10ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-05-0110633810.3390/separations10060338Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDADeepak Thakur0Uma Ranjan Lal1Deepak N. Kapoor2Deepak Kumar3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, P.O. & District Solan, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 160055, Punjab, IndiaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, P.O. & District Solan, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India<i>F. religiosa</i> bark has been extensively used in traditional medicinal systems, such as Ayurveda, for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the secondary metabolites (phenolics and flavonoids) of the hydroalcoholic stem-bark extract from <i>F. religiosa</i> because this plant has been proven to have a beneficial effect on health disorders. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted for the identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds in <i>F. religiosa</i> bark using sophisticated chromatographical techniques such as UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA. Additionally, total flavonoids, total phenolics and the scavenging profile of the bark were studied using a UV spectrophotometer. A total of 23 compounds identified with UPLC-HRMS were mainly phenolic acids, polyphenolics, and flavonoids (flavanols and proanthocyanidins). Among the identified compounds, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and ellagic acid were simultaneously quantified (0.031–0.380%) using RP-HPLC-PDA. Thereafter, the study complied by evaluating the total flavonoids (109.15 ± 1.2 mg RuE/g and 33.78 ± 0.86 mg CaE/g), total phenolics (4.81 ± 1.01 mg GaE/g), and scavenging profiles (IC<sub>50</sub> 13.75 ± 0.12 µg/mL) of the <i>F. religiosa</i> bark. This is the first report on the chemical profiling of <i>F. religiosa</i> bark, which is a necessary step to evaluate its nutraceutical properties, paving the way for possible food application.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/6/338<i>F. religiosa</i>flavonoidspolyphenolicsphytochemicalstem barkUPLC-HRMS |
| spellingShingle | Deepak Thakur Uma Ranjan Lal Deepak N. Kapoor Deepak Kumar Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA Separations <i>F. religiosa</i> flavonoids polyphenolics phytochemical stem bark UPLC-HRMS |
| title | Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA |
| title_full | Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA |
| title_short | Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Secondary Metabolites in Stem Bark of <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Moraceae) Using UPLC-HRMS and RP-HPLC-PDA |
| title_sort | identification and quantification of polyphenolic secondary metabolites in stem bark of i ficus religiosa i moraceae using uplc hrms and rp hplc pda |
| topic | <i>F. religiosa</i> flavonoids polyphenolics phytochemical stem bark UPLC-HRMS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/6/338 |
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