Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based study
Background: Snake bite is one of the most neglected diseases in South East Asian region. Common Krait (CK) (Bungarus caeruleus) is the deadliest snake found in the dry zones of India. With the polyvalent anti-venom serum (AVS) remaining the cornerstone of treatment of neurotoxic snake envenomation,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Medical Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/51716 |
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| author | Shyamash Mandal Supriyo Gope Nilanjan Saha Subhrajyoti J Mitra Tanmay Chowdhury Atanu Chandra Souvik Das |
| author_facet | Shyamash Mandal Supriyo Gope Nilanjan Saha Subhrajyoti J Mitra Tanmay Chowdhury Atanu Chandra Souvik Das |
| author_sort | Shyamash Mandal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Snake bite is one of the most neglected diseases in South East Asian region. Common Krait (CK) (Bungarus caeruleus) is the deadliest snake found in the dry zones of India. With the polyvalent anti-venom serum (AVS) remaining the cornerstone of treatment of neurotoxic snake envenomation, there is no universally accepted treatment for CK envenomation-associated neuroparalysis, except supportive measures.
Aims and Objectives: Our study was conducted to describe the epidemiology, define clinical features, study outcome, and apparent efficacy of calcium gluconate in preventing or reversing neuromuscular paralysis with respiratory failure in CK bite patients.
Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective observational study done on 52 CK bite patients. Patients were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated with AVS and calcium gluconate infusion according to National Standard Guideline, 2016. Patients developing severe respiratory muscle paralysis were offered mechanical ventilation.
Results: Patients developed ptosis and dysphagia, pain abdomen, cyanosis, paralysis of jaw and tongue, perioral numbness, altered sensorium, dysphonia, ophthalmoplegia, and paradoxical breathing. 21.15% of patients developed respiratory failure and needed ventilator support with average critical care unit stay of 3 days and average stay on a ventilator of 2 days. 3 patients expired (case fatality rate 5.77%). The average hospital stay was 3.33 days.
Conclusion: Our study shows that early intervention in patients of CK bite with neurotoxic envenomation, with calcium gluconate infusion, leads to less mortality and morbidity compared to other relevant studies. Further large-scale studies are required for better understanding and implementation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:03:50Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d1e761747b0d4c339591f89bbec9b427 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2467-9100 2091-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:03:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara |
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| series | Asian Journal of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d1e761747b0d4c339591f89bbec9b4272023-09-02T04:22:41ZengManipal College of Medical Sciences, PokharaAsian Journal of Medical Sciences2467-91002091-05762023-09-01149103108https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i9.51716Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based studyShyamash Mandal 0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-7466Supriyo Gope 1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6546-7740Nilanjan Saha 2Subhrajyoti J Mitra 3https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0983-9660Tanmay Chowdhury 4https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7114-1525Atanu Chandra 5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-8926Souvik Das 6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-9929Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, IndiaAssociate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Postgraduate Resident, Department of General Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Postgraduate Resident, Department of General Medicine, Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Background: Snake bite is one of the most neglected diseases in South East Asian region. Common Krait (CK) (Bungarus caeruleus) is the deadliest snake found in the dry zones of India. With the polyvalent anti-venom serum (AVS) remaining the cornerstone of treatment of neurotoxic snake envenomation, there is no universally accepted treatment for CK envenomation-associated neuroparalysis, except supportive measures. Aims and Objectives: Our study was conducted to describe the epidemiology, define clinical features, study outcome, and apparent efficacy of calcium gluconate in preventing or reversing neuromuscular paralysis with respiratory failure in CK bite patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective observational study done on 52 CK bite patients. Patients were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated with AVS and calcium gluconate infusion according to National Standard Guideline, 2016. Patients developing severe respiratory muscle paralysis were offered mechanical ventilation. Results: Patients developed ptosis and dysphagia, pain abdomen, cyanosis, paralysis of jaw and tongue, perioral numbness, altered sensorium, dysphonia, ophthalmoplegia, and paradoxical breathing. 21.15% of patients developed respiratory failure and needed ventilator support with average critical care unit stay of 3 days and average stay on a ventilator of 2 days. 3 patients expired (case fatality rate 5.77%). The average hospital stay was 3.33 days. Conclusion: Our study shows that early intervention in patients of CK bite with neurotoxic envenomation, with calcium gluconate infusion, leads to less mortality and morbidity compared to other relevant studies. Further large-scale studies are required for better understanding and implementation.https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/51716common krait; neuroparalysis; calcium gluconate; neurotoxic snake envenomation; anti-venom serum |
| spellingShingle | Shyamash Mandal Supriyo Gope Nilanjan Saha Subhrajyoti J Mitra Tanmay Chowdhury Atanu Chandra Souvik Das Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based study Asian Journal of Medical Sciences common krait; neuroparalysis; calcium gluconate; neurotoxic snake envenomation; anti-venom serum |
| title | Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based study |
| title_full | Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based study |
| title_fullStr | Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based study |
| title_short | Clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation, treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with AVS, a tertiary care center-based study |
| title_sort | clinical profile and outcome of patients of common krait bite with features of neurotoxic envenomation treated with intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in conjunction with avs a tertiary care center based study |
| topic | common krait; neuroparalysis; calcium gluconate; neurotoxic snake envenomation; anti-venom serum |
| url | https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/51716 |
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