Potential Mechanisms Underlying Hypoxia-Induced Diabetes in a Rodent Model: Implications for COVID-19

Previous studies reported that repetitive hypoxia in rat pups reduces insulin secretion and elevates fasting blood glucose levels; these sequelae persisted for several months. This report describes how episodic hypoxic events elevate a chloride ion exporter, K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−&...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eung-Kwon Pae, Ronald M. Harper
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/12/1178
Description
Summary:Previous studies reported that repetitive hypoxia in rat pups reduces insulin secretion and elevates fasting blood glucose levels; these sequelae persisted for several months. This report describes how episodic hypoxic events elevate a chloride ion exporter, K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup> cotransporter-2 (KCC2), in the plasma membrane of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. We assume that acute diabetic symptoms observed in rat pups with periodic oxygen desaturation could result from a lack of blood insulin levels due to disturbed β-cell function. This acute hypo-insulinemia may result from a disruption in chloride balance in β-cells arising from an imbalanced KCC2-NKCC1 (chloride exporter-importer) density as a consequence of periodic oxygen desaturation. Mechanistically, we postulate that a reduced insulin secretion due to the KCC2-NKCC1 imbalance subsequent to acute oxygen desaturation could result in hyperglycemia in rat pups, paralleling symptoms shown in patients with COVID-19 who experienced acute respiratory distress.
ISSN:2227-9067