Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in China
In maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), rational root structure promotes high grain yield under dense sowing conditions. This study was conducted at Qitai Farm in Xinjiang, China, in 2019 and 2021. A traditional wide and narrow row planting method was adopted, with wide rows of 0.7 m and narrow r...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/4/765 |
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| author | Long Zhang Guangzhou Liu Yunshan Yang Xiaoxia Guo Shuai Jin Ruizhi Xie Bo Ming Jun Xue Keru Wang Shaokun Li Peng Hou |
| author_facet | Long Zhang Guangzhou Liu Yunshan Yang Xiaoxia Guo Shuai Jin Ruizhi Xie Bo Ming Jun Xue Keru Wang Shaokun Li Peng Hou |
| author_sort | Long Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), rational root structure promotes high grain yield under dense sowing conditions. This study was conducted at Qitai Farm in Xinjiang, China, in 2019 and 2021. A traditional wide and narrow row planting method was adopted, with wide rows of 0.7 m and narrow rows of 0.4 m. The cultivars DH618 and SC704, which have grain yield potentials of 22.5 and 15 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, were selected for study of the root structure and distribution characteristics under high-yield and high-density planting conditions. The highest yield (20.24 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was achieved by DH618 under a planting density of 12 × 10<sup>4</sup> plants ha<sup>−1</sup>. The root structure of DH618 was well developed at that planting density, and the root dry weight (RDW) was 17.49 g plant<sup>−1</sup> and 14.65 g plant<sup>−1</sup> at the silking and maturity stages, respectively; these values were 7.56% and 11.86% higher, respectively, than those of SC704. At the silking stage, the proportions of RDW at soil depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm were 66.29%, 11.83%, 16.51%, and 5.38%, respectively, for DH618; over the 20–60 cm soil layer, this was an average of 4.04% higher than the RDW of SC704. At maturity, the proportions of RDW at soil depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm were 61.40%, 11.19%, 17.19%, and 10.21%, respectively, for DH618, which was an average of 9.59% higher than that of SC704 over the 20–60 cm soil layer. At maturity, DH618 roots were mainly distributed in the narrow rows, accounting for 72.03% of the root structure; this was 9.53% higher than the roots of SC704. At silking and maturity, the root weight densities of DH618 were 471.98 g m<sup>−3</sup> and 382.98 g m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively (5.18% and 5.97% higher, respectively, than the root weight densities of SC704). The root lengths of DH618 were 239.72 m plant<sup>−1</sup> and 199.04 m plant<sup>−1</sup> at the silking and maturity stages, respectively; these were 16.45% and 25.39% higher, respectively, than the root lengths of SC704. The root length densities were 0.58 cm cm<sup>−3</sup> and 0.46 cm cm<sup>−3</sup> at the silking and maturity stages, respectively, and these were 16.86% and 17.08% higher, respectively, than the root length densities of SC704. This study indicated that the maize hybrid DH618 had a more developed root structure with increased root distribution in the deep soil and narrow rows under high-density planting compared to cultivar SC704, contributing to high grain yield under dense planting. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d1f0ee5ef16243748dadf8b7409a9b502023-11-17T17:53:07ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-03-0113476510.3390/agriculture13040765Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in ChinaLong Zhang0Guangzhou Liu1Yunshan Yang2Xiaoxia Guo3Shuai Jin4Ruizhi Xie5Bo Ming6Jun Xue7Keru Wang8Shaokun Li9Peng Hou10College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaIn maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), rational root structure promotes high grain yield under dense sowing conditions. This study was conducted at Qitai Farm in Xinjiang, China, in 2019 and 2021. A traditional wide and narrow row planting method was adopted, with wide rows of 0.7 m and narrow rows of 0.4 m. The cultivars DH618 and SC704, which have grain yield potentials of 22.5 and 15 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, were selected for study of the root structure and distribution characteristics under high-yield and high-density planting conditions. The highest yield (20.24 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was achieved by DH618 under a planting density of 12 × 10<sup>4</sup> plants ha<sup>−1</sup>. The root structure of DH618 was well developed at that planting density, and the root dry weight (RDW) was 17.49 g plant<sup>−1</sup> and 14.65 g plant<sup>−1</sup> at the silking and maturity stages, respectively; these values were 7.56% and 11.86% higher, respectively, than those of SC704. At the silking stage, the proportions of RDW at soil depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm were 66.29%, 11.83%, 16.51%, and 5.38%, respectively, for DH618; over the 20–60 cm soil layer, this was an average of 4.04% higher than the RDW of SC704. At maturity, the proportions of RDW at soil depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm were 61.40%, 11.19%, 17.19%, and 10.21%, respectively, for DH618, which was an average of 9.59% higher than that of SC704 over the 20–60 cm soil layer. At maturity, DH618 roots were mainly distributed in the narrow rows, accounting for 72.03% of the root structure; this was 9.53% higher than the roots of SC704. At silking and maturity, the root weight densities of DH618 were 471.98 g m<sup>−3</sup> and 382.98 g m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively (5.18% and 5.97% higher, respectively, than the root weight densities of SC704). The root lengths of DH618 were 239.72 m plant<sup>−1</sup> and 199.04 m plant<sup>−1</sup> at the silking and maturity stages, respectively; these were 16.45% and 25.39% higher, respectively, than the root lengths of SC704. The root length densities were 0.58 cm cm<sup>−3</sup> and 0.46 cm cm<sup>−3</sup> at the silking and maturity stages, respectively, and these were 16.86% and 17.08% higher, respectively, than the root length densities of SC704. This study indicated that the maize hybrid DH618 had a more developed root structure with increased root distribution in the deep soil and narrow rows under high-density planting compared to cultivar SC704, contributing to high grain yield under dense planting.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/4/765maizehigh grain yield potentialroot dry weightroot lengthroot length density |
| spellingShingle | Long Zhang Guangzhou Liu Yunshan Yang Xiaoxia Guo Shuai Jin Ruizhi Xie Bo Ming Jun Xue Keru Wang Shaokun Li Peng Hou Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in China Agriculture maize high grain yield potential root dry weight root length root length density |
| title | Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in China |
| title_full | Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in China |
| title_fullStr | Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in China |
| title_short | Root Characteristics for Maize with the Highest Grain Yield Potential of 22.5 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> in China |
| title_sort | root characteristics for maize with the highest grain yield potential of 22 5 mg ha sup 1 sup in china |
| topic | maize high grain yield potential root dry weight root length root length density |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/4/765 |
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