Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head
(1) Background: Considering that the specialty literature supplies only general data about the variability of the cervical branch of the facial nerve, this study aimed to determine this branch’s variation and individual peculiarities depending on the nerve branching pattern and anthropometric type o...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Neurology International |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/16/1/7 |
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| author | Angela Babuci Victor Palarie Ilia Catereniuc Zinovia Zorina Sergiu Visnevschi Diana Heimes Sofia Lehtman Peer W. Kämmerer |
| author_facet | Angela Babuci Victor Palarie Ilia Catereniuc Zinovia Zorina Sergiu Visnevschi Diana Heimes Sofia Lehtman Peer W. Kämmerer |
| author_sort | Angela Babuci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Considering that the specialty literature supplies only general data about the variability of the cervical branch of the facial nerve, this study aimed to determine this branch’s variation and individual peculiarities depending on the nerve branching pattern and anthropometric type of the head. (2) Methods: The study was conducted on 75 hemifaces of adult formalized cadavers. Ahead of anatomical dissection, each head was measured to establish the anthropometric type, according to Franco and colleagues. The branching patterns were then distributed according to the Davis classification. (3) Results: The number of cervical branches (CB) of the facial nerve varied from one to five branches, with the following rate: 1 CB (61.3%), 2 CB (28%), 3 CB (6.7%), 4 CB (2.7%), and 5 CB (1.3%). Seven branching patterns of the facial nerve were revealed: Type I in 18.7%, Type II in 14.7%, Type III in 20%, Type IV in 14.6%, Type V in 5.3%, Type VI in 18.7%, and Type NI in 8% (bizarre types). According to the branching pattern, the mean numbers of the cervical branches were as follows: Type I—1.6 ± 1.02; Type II—1.4 ± 0.50; Type III—1.4 ± 0.50; Type IV—1.4 ± 0.67; Type V—2.0 ± 1.41; Type VI—1.8 ± 1.12; and Type-NI—1.8 ± 0.75; <i>p</i> = 0.599. According to the anthropometric type of the head, the mean number of CB in the mesocephalic type (MCT) was 1.5 ± 0.82, in the dolichocephalic type (DCT), 1.7 ± 0.87, and in the brachycephalic type, (BCT) 1.8 ± 1.04; <i>p</i> = 0.668. (4) Conclusions: The cervical branch of the facial nerve varies depending on the facial nerve branching pattern and the anthropometric type of the head. The highest degree of variation was characteristic of BCT and Type V and the lowest, of MCT and Types II, III, and IV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:19:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d1f8619250bb486fbc24a533547992db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2035-8377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:19:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d1f8619250bb486fbc24a533547992db2024-02-23T15:29:39ZengMDPI AGNeurology International2035-83772024-01-0116111312510.3390/neurolint16010007Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the HeadAngela Babuci0Victor Palarie1Ilia Catereniuc2Zinovia Zorina3Sergiu Visnevschi4Diana Heimes5Sofia Lehtman6Peer W. Kämmerer7Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, MoldovaDepartment of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, MoldovaDepartment of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, MoldovaDepartment of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, MoldovaDepartment of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, MoldovaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, MoldovaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany(1) Background: Considering that the specialty literature supplies only general data about the variability of the cervical branch of the facial nerve, this study aimed to determine this branch’s variation and individual peculiarities depending on the nerve branching pattern and anthropometric type of the head. (2) Methods: The study was conducted on 75 hemifaces of adult formalized cadavers. Ahead of anatomical dissection, each head was measured to establish the anthropometric type, according to Franco and colleagues. The branching patterns were then distributed according to the Davis classification. (3) Results: The number of cervical branches (CB) of the facial nerve varied from one to five branches, with the following rate: 1 CB (61.3%), 2 CB (28%), 3 CB (6.7%), 4 CB (2.7%), and 5 CB (1.3%). Seven branching patterns of the facial nerve were revealed: Type I in 18.7%, Type II in 14.7%, Type III in 20%, Type IV in 14.6%, Type V in 5.3%, Type VI in 18.7%, and Type NI in 8% (bizarre types). According to the branching pattern, the mean numbers of the cervical branches were as follows: Type I—1.6 ± 1.02; Type II—1.4 ± 0.50; Type III—1.4 ± 0.50; Type IV—1.4 ± 0.67; Type V—2.0 ± 1.41; Type VI—1.8 ± 1.12; and Type-NI—1.8 ± 0.75; <i>p</i> = 0.599. According to the anthropometric type of the head, the mean number of CB in the mesocephalic type (MCT) was 1.5 ± 0.82, in the dolichocephalic type (DCT), 1.7 ± 0.87, and in the brachycephalic type, (BCT) 1.8 ± 1.04; <i>p</i> = 0.668. (4) Conclusions: The cervical branch of the facial nerve varies depending on the facial nerve branching pattern and the anthropometric type of the head. The highest degree of variation was characteristic of BCT and Type V and the lowest, of MCT and Types II, III, and IV.https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/16/1/7cervical branchfacial nervevariationconnectionsanthropometric type |
| spellingShingle | Angela Babuci Victor Palarie Ilia Catereniuc Zinovia Zorina Sergiu Visnevschi Diana Heimes Sofia Lehtman Peer W. Kämmerer Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head Neurology International cervical branch facial nerve variation connections anthropometric type |
| title | Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head |
| title_full | Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head |
| title_fullStr | Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head |
| title_short | Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head |
| title_sort | variability of the cervical branch depending on the facial nerve branching pattern and anthropometric type of the head |
| topic | cervical branch facial nerve variation connections anthropometric type |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/16/1/7 |
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