MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath Monitoring
Breath is one of the most important physiological features of human life. In particular, it is significant to monitor the physical characteristics of breath, such as breath frequency and tidal volume. Breath sensors play an important role in the field of human health monitoring. However, an electron...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/1/79 |
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| author | Xiaokang Li Binchuan Sun Ting Xue Kangwei Pan Yuhui Su Yajun Jiang Bobo Du Dexing Yang |
| author_facet | Xiaokang Li Binchuan Sun Ting Xue Kangwei Pan Yuhui Su Yajun Jiang Bobo Du Dexing Yang |
| author_sort | Xiaokang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breath is one of the most important physiological features of human life. In particular, it is significant to monitor the physical characteristics of breath, such as breath frequency and tidal volume. Breath sensors play an important role in the field of human health monitoring. However, an electronic breath sensor is not stable or even safe when the patient is in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system or during any oncology treatment that requires radiation and other high electric/magnetic fields. Fiber-optic-based sensors have attracted a considerable amount of attention from researchers since they are immune to electromagnetic interference. Here, we propose and demonstrate a fiber-optic-based relative-humidity (RH)-sensing strategy by depositing Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanosheets onto an etched single-mode fiber (ESMF). The humidity sensor function is realized by modulating the transmitted light in the ESMF using the excellent hydrophilic properties of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>. Experiments show that the coated Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanosheets can effectively modulate the transmitted light in the ESMF in the relative humidity range of 30~80% RH. The sensor’s fast response time of 0.176 s and recovery time of 0.521 s allow it to be suitable for real-time human breath monitoring. The effective recognition of different breath rhythms, including fast, normal, deep, and strong breathing patterns, has been realized. This work demonstrates an all-optical Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-based sensing platform that combines Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> with an optical fiber for humidity sensing for the first time, which has great promise for breath monitoring and presents novel options for gas-monitoring applications in the biomedical and chemical fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:37:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d20a5647136341c786fb340416e04037 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:37:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d20a5647136341c786fb340416e040372024-01-26T18:09:55ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322024-01-011117910.3390/photonics11010079MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath MonitoringXiaokang Li0Binchuan Sun1Ting Xue2Kangwei Pan3Yuhui Su4Yajun Jiang5Bobo Du6Dexing Yang7Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, and Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, and Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, and Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, and Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, and Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, and Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, ChinaKey Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, and Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, ChinaBreath is one of the most important physiological features of human life. In particular, it is significant to monitor the physical characteristics of breath, such as breath frequency and tidal volume. Breath sensors play an important role in the field of human health monitoring. However, an electronic breath sensor is not stable or even safe when the patient is in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system or during any oncology treatment that requires radiation and other high electric/magnetic fields. Fiber-optic-based sensors have attracted a considerable amount of attention from researchers since they are immune to electromagnetic interference. Here, we propose and demonstrate a fiber-optic-based relative-humidity (RH)-sensing strategy by depositing Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanosheets onto an etched single-mode fiber (ESMF). The humidity sensor function is realized by modulating the transmitted light in the ESMF using the excellent hydrophilic properties of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>. Experiments show that the coated Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanosheets can effectively modulate the transmitted light in the ESMF in the relative humidity range of 30~80% RH. The sensor’s fast response time of 0.176 s and recovery time of 0.521 s allow it to be suitable for real-time human breath monitoring. The effective recognition of different breath rhythms, including fast, normal, deep, and strong breathing patterns, has been realized. This work demonstrates an all-optical Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-based sensing platform that combines Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> with an optical fiber for humidity sensing for the first time, which has great promise for breath monitoring and presents novel options for gas-monitoring applications in the biomedical and chemical fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/1/79MXenefiber-optichumidity sensorhuman breath |
| spellingShingle | Xiaokang Li Binchuan Sun Ting Xue Kangwei Pan Yuhui Su Yajun Jiang Bobo Du Dexing Yang MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath Monitoring Photonics MXene fiber-optic humidity sensor human breath |
| title | MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath Monitoring |
| title_full | MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath Monitoring |
| title_short | MXene-Based Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor for Fast Human Breath Monitoring |
| title_sort | mxene based fiber optic humidity sensor for fast human breath monitoring |
| topic | MXene fiber-optic humidity sensor human breath |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/1/79 |
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