Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat
(Aims) To clarify the mechanisms though which dense planting could alleviate the negative effect of the reducing N rate on yield, (Methods) an experiment with four nitrogen levels—0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2) and 240 (N3) kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>—and three plant densities—180 (D1), 240 (D2) an...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1080 |
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| author | Xiangqian Zhang Shizhou Du Yunji Xu Chengfu Cao Huan Chen |
| author_facet | Xiangqian Zhang Shizhou Du Yunji Xu Chengfu Cao Huan Chen |
| author_sort | Xiangqian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (Aims) To clarify the mechanisms though which dense planting could alleviate the negative effect of the reducing N rate on yield, (Methods) an experiment with four nitrogen levels—0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2) and 240 (N3) kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>—and three plant densities—180 (D1), 240 (D2) and 300 (D3) × 10<sup>4</sup> basic seedlings ha<sup>−1</sup>—was conducted. (Results) Increasing plant density decreased the root length, root volume, root surface area and root tips of individual plant while it enhanced the aforementioned root traits in population. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the individual plants were decreased with the increase in plant density and enhanced with the increase in N level. The increasing density and N application rate enhanced the leaf area index, photosynthetic high-efficiency leaf area and canopy photosynthetically active radiation of population. N accumulation per plant was decreased with increasing density and was enhanced with an increasing N application level. Within the same N level, the N accumulation in the population, N production efficiency and N recovery efficiency were consistently D3 > D2 > D1. A high N application rate with high density was not conducive to improving the NR (nitrate reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase) and GOGAT (glutamate synthase) activities. The yield could be maintained as stable or improved if decreasing by 60 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> with increasing 60 × 10<sup>4</sup> basic seedlings ha<sup>−1</sup> within the range of N application in this experiment. (Conclusions) These results indicated that the yield of wheat could be improved with less N application by adjusting the compensatory effects from the plant density in populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:54Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d20c3751fe7140d99c2681cd430408b0 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:00:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-d20c3751fe7140d99c2681cd430408b02023-11-21T21:34:31ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-05-01116108010.3390/agronomy11061080Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of WheatXiangqian Zhang0Shizhou Du1Yunji Xu2Chengfu Cao3Huan Chen4Crops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Office 621, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Office 621, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Office 621, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Office 621, Crop Building, No. 40, Nongke South Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230031, China(Aims) To clarify the mechanisms though which dense planting could alleviate the negative effect of the reducing N rate on yield, (Methods) an experiment with four nitrogen levels—0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2) and 240 (N3) kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>—and three plant densities—180 (D1), 240 (D2) and 300 (D3) × 10<sup>4</sup> basic seedlings ha<sup>−1</sup>—was conducted. (Results) Increasing plant density decreased the root length, root volume, root surface area and root tips of individual plant while it enhanced the aforementioned root traits in population. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the individual plants were decreased with the increase in plant density and enhanced with the increase in N level. The increasing density and N application rate enhanced the leaf area index, photosynthetic high-efficiency leaf area and canopy photosynthetically active radiation of population. N accumulation per plant was decreased with increasing density and was enhanced with an increasing N application level. Within the same N level, the N accumulation in the population, N production efficiency and N recovery efficiency were consistently D3 > D2 > D1. A high N application rate with high density was not conducive to improving the NR (nitrate reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase) and GOGAT (glutamate synthase) activities. The yield could be maintained as stable or improved if decreasing by 60 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> with increasing 60 × 10<sup>4</sup> basic seedlings ha<sup>−1</sup> within the range of N application in this experiment. (Conclusions) These results indicated that the yield of wheat could be improved with less N application by adjusting the compensatory effects from the plant density in populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1080root traitsphotosynthetic ratecanopy photosynthetically active radiationN accumulation |
| spellingShingle | Xiangqian Zhang Shizhou Du Yunji Xu Chengfu Cao Huan Chen Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat Agronomy root traits photosynthetic rate canopy photosynthetically active radiation N accumulation |
| title | Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat |
| title_full | Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat |
| title_short | Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat |
| title_sort | reducing n application by increasing plant density based on evaluation of root photosynthesis n accumulation and yield of wheat |
| topic | root traits photosynthetic rate canopy photosynthetically active radiation N accumulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1080 |
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