From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysis
Modulation in the temporal pattern of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), such as Pulse width modulated (PWM), has been considered a new dimension in pain and neurorehabilitation therapy. Recently, the potentials of PWM TENS have been studied on sensory profiles and corticospinal act...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1239068/full |
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| author | Armita Faghani Jadidi Winnie Jensen Ali Asghar Zarei Eugen Romulus Lontis S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar |
| author_facet | Armita Faghani Jadidi Winnie Jensen Ali Asghar Zarei Eugen Romulus Lontis S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar |
| author_sort | Armita Faghani Jadidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Modulation in the temporal pattern of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), such as Pulse width modulated (PWM), has been considered a new dimension in pain and neurorehabilitation therapy. Recently, the potentials of PWM TENS have been studied on sensory profiles and corticospinal activity. However, the underlying mechanism of PWM TENS on cortical network which might lead to pain alleviation is not yet investigated. Therefore, we recorded cortical activity using electroencephalography (EEG) from 12 healthy subjects and assessed the alternation of the functional connectivity at the cortex level up to an hour following the PWM TENS and compared that with the effect of conventional TENS. The connectivity between eight brain regions involved in sensory and pain processing was calculated based on phase lag index and spearman correlation. The alteration in segregation and integration of information in the network were investigated using graph theory. The proposed analysis discovered several statistically significant network changes between PWM TENS and conventional TENS, such as increased local strength and efficiency of the network in high gamma-band in primary and secondary somatosensory sources one hour following stimulation. Our findings regarding the long-lasting desired effects of PWM TENS support its potential as a therapeutic intervention in clinical research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T18:17:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2114eec9dde44a28fdd83fdcfc67d6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T18:17:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2114eec9dde44a28fdd83fdcfc67d6c2023-08-02T09:05:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-08-011710.3389/fnins.2023.12390681239068From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysisArmita Faghani Jadidi0Winnie Jensen1Ali Asghar Zarei2Eugen Romulus Lontis3S. Farokh Atashzar4S. Farokh Atashzar5S. Farokh Atashzar6S. Farokh Atashzar7S. Farokh Atashzar8Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, DenmarkCenter for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, DenmarkCenter for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, DenmarkCenter for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, DenmarkDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United StatesNYU WIRELESS, New York University (NYU), New York, NY, United StatesNYU Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), New York University (NYU), New York, NY, United StatesModulation in the temporal pattern of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), such as Pulse width modulated (PWM), has been considered a new dimension in pain and neurorehabilitation therapy. Recently, the potentials of PWM TENS have been studied on sensory profiles and corticospinal activity. However, the underlying mechanism of PWM TENS on cortical network which might lead to pain alleviation is not yet investigated. Therefore, we recorded cortical activity using electroencephalography (EEG) from 12 healthy subjects and assessed the alternation of the functional connectivity at the cortex level up to an hour following the PWM TENS and compared that with the effect of conventional TENS. The connectivity between eight brain regions involved in sensory and pain processing was calculated based on phase lag index and spearman correlation. The alteration in segregation and integration of information in the network were investigated using graph theory. The proposed analysis discovered several statistically significant network changes between PWM TENS and conventional TENS, such as increased local strength and efficiency of the network in high gamma-band in primary and secondary somatosensory sources one hour following stimulation. Our findings regarding the long-lasting desired effects of PWM TENS support its potential as a therapeutic intervention in clinical research.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1239068/fullmodulated TENSfunctional brain connectivitygraph theorypainneurorehabilitation |
| spellingShingle | Armita Faghani Jadidi Winnie Jensen Ali Asghar Zarei Eugen Romulus Lontis S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar S. Farokh Atashzar From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysis Frontiers in Neuroscience modulated TENS functional brain connectivity graph theory pain neurorehabilitation |
| title | From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysis |
| title_full | From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysis |
| title_fullStr | From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysis |
| title_short | From pulse width modulated TENS to cortical modulation: based on EEG functional connectivity analysis |
| title_sort | from pulse width modulated tens to cortical modulation based on eeg functional connectivity analysis |
| topic | modulated TENS functional brain connectivity graph theory pain neurorehabilitation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1239068/full |
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