Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF)
Background Pain is the leading cause of animal suffering, hence the importance of validated tools to ensure its appropriate evaluation and treatment. We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) in eight languages. Methods The orig...
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PeerJ Inc.
2022-03-01
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| author | Stelio P.L. Luna Pedro H.E. Trindade Beatriz P. Monteiro Nadia Crosignani Giorgia della Rocca Helene L.M. Ruel Kazuto Yamashita Peter Kronen Chia Te Tseng Lívia Teixeira Paulo V. Steagall |
| author_facet | Stelio P.L. Luna Pedro H.E. Trindade Beatriz P. Monteiro Nadia Crosignani Giorgia della Rocca Helene L.M. Ruel Kazuto Yamashita Peter Kronen Chia Te Tseng Lívia Teixeira Paulo V. Steagall |
| author_sort | Stelio P.L. Luna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Pain is the leading cause of animal suffering, hence the importance of validated tools to ensure its appropriate evaluation and treatment. We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) in eight languages. Methods The original scale was condensed from ten to four items. The content validation was performed by five specialists in veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. The English version of the scale was translated and back-translated into Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish by fluent English and native speaker translators. Videos of the perioperative period of 30 cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy (preoperative, after surgery, after rescue analgesia and 24 h after surgery) were randomly evaluated twice (one-month interval) by one evaluator for each language unaware of the pain condition. After watching each video, the evaluators scored the unidimensional, UFEPS-SF and Glasgow composite multidimensional feline pain scales. Statistical analyses were carried out using R software for intra and interobserver reliability, principal component analysis, criteria concurrent and predictive validities, construct validity, item-total correlation, internal consistency, specificity, sensitivity, the definition of the intervention score for rescue analgesia and diagnostic uncertainty zone, according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results UFEPS-SF intra- and inter-observer reliability were ≥0.92 and 0.84, respectively, for all observers. According to the principal component analysis, UFEPS-SF is a unidimensional scale. Concurrent criterion validity was confirmed by the high correlation between UFEPS-SF and all other scales (≥0.9). The total score and all items of UFEPS-SF increased after surgery (pain), decreased to baseline after analgesia and were intermediate at 24 h after surgery (moderate pain), confirming responsiveness and construct validity. Item total correlation of each item (0.68–0.83) confirmed that the items contributed homogeneously to the total score. Internal consistency was excellent (≥0.9) for all items. Both specificity (baseline) and sensitivity (after surgery) based on the Youden index was 99% (97–100%). The suggestive cut-off score for the administration of analgesia according to the ROC curve was ≥4 out of 12. The diagnostic uncertainty zone ranged from 3 to 4. The area under the curve of 0.99 indicated excellent discriminatory capacity of UFEPS-SF. Conclusions The UFEPS-SF and its items, assessed by experienced evaluators, demonstrated very good repeatability and reproducibility, content, criterion and construct validities, item-total correlation, internal consistency, excellent sensitivity and specificity and a cut-off point indicating the need for rescue analgesia in Chinese, French, English, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:01:35Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:01:35Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d212dc29d2f0450dbc68ab6902262bd82023-12-03T09:52:17ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-03-0110e1313410.7717/peerj.13134Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF)Stelio P.L. Luna0Pedro H.E. Trindade1Beatriz P. Monteiro2Nadia Crosignani3Giorgia della Rocca4Helene L.M. Ruel5Kazuto Yamashita6Peter Kronen7Chia Te Tseng8Lívia Teixeira9Paulo V. Steagall10Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilDépartement de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, CanadaDepartment of Clinics and Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary, University of Republic, Montevideo, UruguayDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center on Animal Pain, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDépartement de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, CanadaDepartment of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, JapanUniversity of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandCrown Veterinary Specialists, Lebanon, NJ, United States of AmericaDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilDépartement de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, CanadaBackground Pain is the leading cause of animal suffering, hence the importance of validated tools to ensure its appropriate evaluation and treatment. We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) in eight languages. Methods The original scale was condensed from ten to four items. The content validation was performed by five specialists in veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. The English version of the scale was translated and back-translated into Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish by fluent English and native speaker translators. Videos of the perioperative period of 30 cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy (preoperative, after surgery, after rescue analgesia and 24 h after surgery) were randomly evaluated twice (one-month interval) by one evaluator for each language unaware of the pain condition. After watching each video, the evaluators scored the unidimensional, UFEPS-SF and Glasgow composite multidimensional feline pain scales. Statistical analyses were carried out using R software for intra and interobserver reliability, principal component analysis, criteria concurrent and predictive validities, construct validity, item-total correlation, internal consistency, specificity, sensitivity, the definition of the intervention score for rescue analgesia and diagnostic uncertainty zone, according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results UFEPS-SF intra- and inter-observer reliability were ≥0.92 and 0.84, respectively, for all observers. According to the principal component analysis, UFEPS-SF is a unidimensional scale. Concurrent criterion validity was confirmed by the high correlation between UFEPS-SF and all other scales (≥0.9). The total score and all items of UFEPS-SF increased after surgery (pain), decreased to baseline after analgesia and were intermediate at 24 h after surgery (moderate pain), confirming responsiveness and construct validity. Item total correlation of each item (0.68–0.83) confirmed that the items contributed homogeneously to the total score. Internal consistency was excellent (≥0.9) for all items. Both specificity (baseline) and sensitivity (after surgery) based on the Youden index was 99% (97–100%). The suggestive cut-off score for the administration of analgesia according to the ROC curve was ≥4 out of 12. The diagnostic uncertainty zone ranged from 3 to 4. The area under the curve of 0.99 indicated excellent discriminatory capacity of UFEPS-SF. Conclusions The UFEPS-SF and its items, assessed by experienced evaluators, demonstrated very good repeatability and reproducibility, content, criterion and construct validities, item-total correlation, internal consistency, excellent sensitivity and specificity and a cut-off point indicating the need for rescue analgesia in Chinese, French, English, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish.https://peerj.com/articles/13134.pdfAnalgesiaAnimal welfareCatsFelineFelidaePain |
| spellingShingle | Stelio P.L. Luna Pedro H.E. Trindade Beatriz P. Monteiro Nadia Crosignani Giorgia della Rocca Helene L.M. Ruel Kazuto Yamashita Peter Kronen Chia Te Tseng Lívia Teixeira Paulo V. Steagall Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) PeerJ Analgesia Animal welfare Cats Feline Felidae Pain |
| title | Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) |
| title_full | Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) |
| title_fullStr | Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) |
| title_short | Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) |
| title_sort | multilingual validation of the short form of the unesp botucatu feline pain scale ufeps sf |
| topic | Analgesia Animal welfare Cats Feline Felidae Pain |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/13134.pdf |
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