No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the Universe
An alternative formulation of the no-boundary initial state of the universe in the Euclidean quantum theory of gravity is proposed. Unlike the no-boundary Hartle–Hawking wave function, in which time appears together with macroscopic space–time in the semiclassical approximation, in the proposed form...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/10/2/101 |
| _version_ | 1797296897460797440 |
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| author | Natalia Gorobey Alexander Lukyanenko Alexander V. Goltsev |
| author_facet | Natalia Gorobey Alexander Lukyanenko Alexander V. Goltsev |
| author_sort | Natalia Gorobey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An alternative formulation of the no-boundary initial state of the universe in the Euclidean quantum theory of gravity is proposed. Unlike the no-boundary Hartle–Hawking wave function, in which time appears together with macroscopic space–time in the semiclassical approximation, in the proposed formalism, time is present from the very beginning on an equal footing with spatial coordinates. The main element of the formalism is the wave functional, which is defined based on the world histories of the universe. This ensures formal 4D covariance of the theory. The wave functional is defined independently of the wave function as an eigenvector of the action operator. The shape of the Origin region, together with the boundary conditions, is determined by the structure of the total energy of the universe, which includes a 3D-invariant contribution of the expansion energy. The own mass of the universe arises as a non-zero value of the expansion energy in the Origin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:11:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d21b6ea5ab95439da2968f58c81541ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:11:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-d21b6ea5ab95439da2968f58c81541ba2024-02-23T15:36:51ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972024-02-0110210110.3390/universe10020101No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the UniverseNatalia Gorobey0Alexander Lukyanenko1Alexander V. Goltsev2Department of Physics, Physical-Mechanical Institute, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Physics, Physical-Mechanical Institute, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, RussiaIoffe Physical-Technical Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya 26, 195251 St. Petersburg, RussiaAn alternative formulation of the no-boundary initial state of the universe in the Euclidean quantum theory of gravity is proposed. Unlike the no-boundary Hartle–Hawking wave function, in which time appears together with macroscopic space–time in the semiclassical approximation, in the proposed formalism, time is present from the very beginning on an equal footing with spatial coordinates. The main element of the formalism is the wave functional, which is defined based on the world histories of the universe. This ensures formal 4D covariance of the theory. The wave functional is defined independently of the wave function as an eigenvector of the action operator. The shape of the Origin region, together with the boundary conditions, is determined by the structure of the total energy of the universe, which includes a 3D-invariant contribution of the expansion energy. The own mass of the universe arises as a non-zero value of the expansion energy in the Origin.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/10/2/101universetimeown massquantumEuclidean instanton |
| spellingShingle | Natalia Gorobey Alexander Lukyanenko Alexander V. Goltsev No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the Universe Universe universe time own mass quantum Euclidean instanton |
| title | No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the Universe |
| title_full | No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the Universe |
| title_fullStr | No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the Universe |
| title_full_unstemmed | No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the Universe |
| title_short | No-Boundary Wave Functional and Own Mass of the Universe |
| title_sort | no boundary wave functional and own mass of the universe |
| topic | universe time own mass quantum Euclidean instanton |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/10/2/101 |
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