Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.)
The sudden availability of Italian stone pine <i>(Pinus pinea</i> L.) wood due to the infestation of pathogenic fungi and insects highlighted the need to promote its use as a short supply chain resource in Italy and other Mediterranean countries. However, the durability of stone pine sap...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/8/3801 |
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| author | Marco De Angelis Miha Humar Davor Kržišnik Swati Tamantini Manuela Romagnoli |
| author_facet | Marco De Angelis Miha Humar Davor Kržišnik Swati Tamantini Manuela Romagnoli |
| author_sort | Marco De Angelis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sudden availability of Italian stone pine <i>(Pinus pinea</i> L.) wood due to the infestation of pathogenic fungi and insects highlighted the need to promote its use as a short supply chain resource in Italy and other Mediterranean countries. However, the durability of stone pine sapwood must be enhanced if outdoor use is to be considered. The impregnability of stone pine wood was studied following the standard EN 351-1:2008, using immersion, vacuum, and high-pressure methods with natural waxes and organic solvent-based and copper-amino-based preservative solutions. The efficacy of the impregnation was determined by calculating the kilos of preservative absorbed per cubic meter of wood and by measuring the penetration depth of the preservative. Thermal modifications were carried out using five different maximum temperatures, and their efficacy was determined by measuring the mass loss and color change. Subsequent to thermal treatments, the wood was exposed to a water-vapor-saturated atmosphere, and the increase in mass was calculated for different periods. Stone pine and Scots pine sapwoods showed similar response to the treatments with the exception of soaking impregnation methods where stone pine showed higher uptake, in particular when Silvanolin was used. Our investigation shows that stone pine can be a suitable short supply chain resource in Italy that, when impregnated, could be tested for outdoor use, exactly as is the case with Scots pine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:13:21Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:13:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d225e909c33e49dc97db28525855ba472023-12-01T00:39:02ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-04-01128380110.3390/app12083801Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.)Marco De Angelis0Miha Humar1Davor Kržišnik2Swati Tamantini3Manuela Romagnoli4Institute of Wood Sciences, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91c, 21031 Hamburg, GermanyDepartment of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Rožna Dolina Cesta VIII 34, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Rožna Dolina Cesta VIII 34, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyThe sudden availability of Italian stone pine <i>(Pinus pinea</i> L.) wood due to the infestation of pathogenic fungi and insects highlighted the need to promote its use as a short supply chain resource in Italy and other Mediterranean countries. However, the durability of stone pine sapwood must be enhanced if outdoor use is to be considered. The impregnability of stone pine wood was studied following the standard EN 351-1:2008, using immersion, vacuum, and high-pressure methods with natural waxes and organic solvent-based and copper-amino-based preservative solutions. The efficacy of the impregnation was determined by calculating the kilos of preservative absorbed per cubic meter of wood and by measuring the penetration depth of the preservative. Thermal modifications were carried out using five different maximum temperatures, and their efficacy was determined by measuring the mass loss and color change. Subsequent to thermal treatments, the wood was exposed to a water-vapor-saturated atmosphere, and the increase in mass was calculated for different periods. Stone pine and Scots pine sapwoods showed similar response to the treatments with the exception of soaking impregnation methods where stone pine showed higher uptake, in particular when Silvanolin was used. Our investigation shows that stone pine can be a suitable short supply chain resource in Italy that, when impregnated, could be tested for outdoor use, exactly as is the case with Scots pine.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/8/3801<i>Pinus pinea</i> woodthermal treatmentsimpregnationdurabilityshort supply chain |
| spellingShingle | Marco De Angelis Miha Humar Davor Kržišnik Swati Tamantini Manuela Romagnoli Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) Applied Sciences <i>Pinus pinea</i> wood thermal treatments impregnation durability short supply chain |
| title | Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) |
| title_full | Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) |
| title_short | Influence of Thermal Modification and Impregnation with Biocides on Physical Properties of Italian Stone Pine Wood (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) |
| title_sort | influence of thermal modification and impregnation with biocides on physical properties of italian stone pine wood i pinus pinea i l |
| topic | <i>Pinus pinea</i> wood thermal treatments impregnation durability short supply chain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/8/3801 |
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