MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast Imaging
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Deformable Mirrors (DMs) enable precise wavefront control for optical systems. This technology can be used to meet the extreme wavefront control requirements for high contrast imaging of exoplanets with coronagraph instruments. MEMS DM technology is being demo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/10/6/366 |
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| author | Rachel E. Morgan Ewan S. Douglas Gregory W. Allan Paul Bierden Supriya Chakrabarti Timothy Cook Mark Egan Gabor Furesz Jennifer N. Gubner Tyler D. Groff Christian A. Haughwout Bobby G. Holden Christopher B. Mendillo Mireille Ouellet Paula do Vale Pereira Abigail J. Stein Simon Thibault Xingtao Wu Yeyuan Xin Kerri L. Cahoy |
| author_facet | Rachel E. Morgan Ewan S. Douglas Gregory W. Allan Paul Bierden Supriya Chakrabarti Timothy Cook Mark Egan Gabor Furesz Jennifer N. Gubner Tyler D. Groff Christian A. Haughwout Bobby G. Holden Christopher B. Mendillo Mireille Ouellet Paula do Vale Pereira Abigail J. Stein Simon Thibault Xingtao Wu Yeyuan Xin Kerri L. Cahoy |
| author_sort | Rachel E. Morgan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Deformable Mirrors (DMs) enable precise wavefront control for optical systems. This technology can be used to meet the extreme wavefront control requirements for high contrast imaging of exoplanets with coronagraph instruments. MEMS DM technology is being demonstrated and developed in preparation for future exoplanet high contrast imaging space telescopes, including the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) mission which supported the development of a 2040 actuator MEMS DM. In this paper, we discuss ground testing results and several projects which demonstrate the operation of MEMS DMs in the space environment. The missions include the Planet Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment (PICTURE) sounding rocket (launched 2011), the Planet Imaging Coronagraphic Technology Using a Reconfigurable Experimental Base (PICTURE-B) sounding rocket (launched 2015), the Planetary Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment - Coronagraph (PICTURE-C) high altitude balloon (expected launch 2019), the High Contrast Imaging Balloon System (HiCIBaS) high altitude balloon (launched 2018), and the Deformable Mirror Demonstration Mission (DeMi) CubeSat mission (expected launch late 2019). We summarize results from the previously flown missions and objectives for the missions that are next on the pad. PICTURE had technical difficulties with the sounding rocket telemetry system. PICTURE-B demonstrated functionality at >100 km altitude after the payload experienced 12-g RMS (Vehicle Level 2) test and sounding rocket launch loads. The PICTURE-C balloon aims to demonstrate <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> contrast using a vector vortex coronagraph, image plane wavefront sensor, and a 952 actuator MEMS DM. The HiClBaS flight experienced a DM cabling issue, but the 37-segment hexagonal piston-tip-tilt DM is operational post-flight. The DeMi mission aims to demonstrate wavefront control to a precision of less than 100 nm RMS in space with a 140 actuator MEMS DM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:16:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2297bc44c97455386ae887218b5c099 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:16:21Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2297bc44c97455386ae887218b5c0992022-12-22T01:24:11ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2019-05-0110636610.3390/mi10060366mi10060366MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast ImagingRachel E. Morgan0Ewan S. Douglas1Gregory W. Allan2Paul Bierden3Supriya Chakrabarti4Timothy Cook5Mark Egan6Gabor Furesz7Jennifer N. Gubner8Tyler D. Groff9Christian A. Haughwout10Bobby G. Holden11Christopher B. Mendillo12Mireille Ouellet13Paula do Vale Pereira14Abigail J. Stein15Simon Thibault16Xingtao Wu17Yeyuan Xin18Kerri L. Cahoy19Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USABoston Micromachines Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USADepartment of Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USADepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USALowell Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USAUniversite Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAUniversite Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaMicroscale Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USADepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAMicro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Deformable Mirrors (DMs) enable precise wavefront control for optical systems. This technology can be used to meet the extreme wavefront control requirements for high contrast imaging of exoplanets with coronagraph instruments. MEMS DM technology is being demonstrated and developed in preparation for future exoplanet high contrast imaging space telescopes, including the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) mission which supported the development of a 2040 actuator MEMS DM. In this paper, we discuss ground testing results and several projects which demonstrate the operation of MEMS DMs in the space environment. The missions include the Planet Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment (PICTURE) sounding rocket (launched 2011), the Planet Imaging Coronagraphic Technology Using a Reconfigurable Experimental Base (PICTURE-B) sounding rocket (launched 2015), the Planetary Imaging Concept Testbed Using a Recoverable Experiment - Coronagraph (PICTURE-C) high altitude balloon (expected launch 2019), the High Contrast Imaging Balloon System (HiCIBaS) high altitude balloon (launched 2018), and the Deformable Mirror Demonstration Mission (DeMi) CubeSat mission (expected launch late 2019). We summarize results from the previously flown missions and objectives for the missions that are next on the pad. PICTURE had technical difficulties with the sounding rocket telemetry system. PICTURE-B demonstrated functionality at >100 km altitude after the payload experienced 12-g RMS (Vehicle Level 2) test and sounding rocket launch loads. The PICTURE-C balloon aims to demonstrate <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> contrast using a vector vortex coronagraph, image plane wavefront sensor, and a 952 actuator MEMS DM. The HiClBaS flight experienced a DM cabling issue, but the 37-segment hexagonal piston-tip-tilt DM is operational post-flight. The DeMi mission aims to demonstrate wavefront control to a precision of less than 100 nm RMS in space with a 140 actuator MEMS DM.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/10/6/366MEMS deformable mirrorsexoplanet direct imagingwavefront controlspace telescope technology |
| spellingShingle | Rachel E. Morgan Ewan S. Douglas Gregory W. Allan Paul Bierden Supriya Chakrabarti Timothy Cook Mark Egan Gabor Furesz Jennifer N. Gubner Tyler D. Groff Christian A. Haughwout Bobby G. Holden Christopher B. Mendillo Mireille Ouellet Paula do Vale Pereira Abigail J. Stein Simon Thibault Xingtao Wu Yeyuan Xin Kerri L. Cahoy MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast Imaging Micromachines MEMS deformable mirrors exoplanet direct imaging wavefront control space telescope technology |
| title | MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast Imaging |
| title_full | MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast Imaging |
| title_fullStr | MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast Imaging |
| title_short | MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Space-Based High-Contrast Imaging |
| title_sort | mems deformable mirrors for space based high contrast imaging |
| topic | MEMS deformable mirrors exoplanet direct imaging wavefront control space telescope technology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/10/6/366 |
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