A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided Vehicles
Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) have multiple applications. For example, they can be used to guide people, to locate items in a warehouse and to support the navigation of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV). Currently most AGVs use local pre-defined navigation systems, but they lack a global localisat...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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Series: | Electronics |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/1/82 |
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author | Aleix Boixader Carlos Labella Marisa Catalan Josep Paradells |
author_facet | Aleix Boixader Carlos Labella Marisa Catalan Josep Paradells |
author_sort | Aleix Boixader |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) have multiple applications. For example, they can be used to guide people, to locate items in a warehouse and to support the navigation of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV). Currently most AGVs use local pre-defined navigation systems, but they lack a global localisation system. Integrating both systems is uncommon due to the inherent challenge in balancing accuracy with coverage. Visible Light Position (VLP) offers accurate and fast localisation, but it encounters scalability limitations. To overcome this, this paper presents a novel Image Sensor-based VLP (IS-VLP) identification method that harnesses existing Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting infrastructure to substitute both navigation and localisation systems effectively in the whole area. We developed an IPS that achieves six-axis positioning at 90 Hz refresh rate using OpenCV’s solvePnP algorithm and embedded computing. This IPS has been validated in a laboratory environment and successfully deployed in a real factory to position an operative AGV. The system has resulted in accuracies better than 12 cm for 95% of the measurements. This work advances towards positioning VLP as an appealing choice for IPS in industrial environments, offering an inexpensive, scalable, accurate and robust solution. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:09:47Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-d230ba425ea8482c8e9a3122fae9faeb |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2079-9292 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:09:47Z |
publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Electronics |
spelling | doaj.art-d230ba425ea8482c8e9a3122fae9faeb2024-01-10T14:54:21ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922023-12-011318210.3390/electronics13010082A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided VehiclesAleix Boixader0Carlos Labella1Marisa Catalan2Josep Paradells3IoT Research Group, Fundació i2CAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainIoT Research Group, Fundació i2CAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainIoT Research Group, Fundació i2CAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainIoT Research Group, Fundació i2CAT, 08034 Barcelona, SpainIndoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) have multiple applications. For example, they can be used to guide people, to locate items in a warehouse and to support the navigation of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV). Currently most AGVs use local pre-defined navigation systems, but they lack a global localisation system. Integrating both systems is uncommon due to the inherent challenge in balancing accuracy with coverage. Visible Light Position (VLP) offers accurate and fast localisation, but it encounters scalability limitations. To overcome this, this paper presents a novel Image Sensor-based VLP (IS-VLP) identification method that harnesses existing Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting infrastructure to substitute both navigation and localisation systems effectively in the whole area. We developed an IPS that achieves six-axis positioning at 90 Hz refresh rate using OpenCV’s solvePnP algorithm and embedded computing. This IPS has been validated in a laboratory environment and successfully deployed in a real factory to position an operative AGV. The system has resulted in accuracies better than 12 cm for 95% of the measurements. This work advances towards positioning VLP as an appealing choice for IPS in industrial environments, offering an inexpensive, scalable, accurate and robust solution.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/1/82indoor positioningvisible light positioningvisible light communicationreal-timedeployment focusedperspective-n-point |
spellingShingle | Aleix Boixader Carlos Labella Marisa Catalan Josep Paradells A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided Vehicles Electronics indoor positioning visible light positioning visible light communication real-time deployment focused perspective-n-point |
title | A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided Vehicles |
title_full | A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided Vehicles |
title_fullStr | A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided Vehicles |
title_full_unstemmed | A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided Vehicles |
title_short | A High-Accuracy, Scalable and Affordable Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light Positioning for Automated Guided Vehicles |
title_sort | high accuracy scalable and affordable indoor positioning system using visible light positioning for automated guided vehicles |
topic | indoor positioning visible light positioning visible light communication real-time deployment focused perspective-n-point |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/1/82 |
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