Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite Fish
Intestinal microbiota is key for many host functions, such as digestion, nutrient metabolism, disease resistance, and immune function. With the growth of the aquaculture industry, there has been a growing interest in the manipulation of fish gut microbiota to improve welfare and nutrition. Intestina...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02512/full |
| _version_ | 1819068906838425600 |
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| author | M. Carla Piazzon Fernando Naya-Català Paula Simó-Mirabet Amparo Picard-Sánchez Francisco J. Roig Francisco J. Roig Josep A. Calduch-Giner Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla Jaume Pérez-Sánchez |
| author_facet | M. Carla Piazzon Fernando Naya-Català Paula Simó-Mirabet Amparo Picard-Sánchez Francisco J. Roig Francisco J. Roig Josep A. Calduch-Giner Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla Jaume Pérez-Sánchez |
| author_sort | M. Carla Piazzon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intestinal microbiota is key for many host functions, such as digestion, nutrient metabolism, disease resistance, and immune function. With the growth of the aquaculture industry, there has been a growing interest in the manipulation of fish gut microbiota to improve welfare and nutrition. Intestinal microbiota varies with many factors, including host species, genetics, developmental stage, diet, environment, and sex. The aim of this study was to compare the intestinal microbiota of adult gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) from three groups of age and sex (1-year-old males and 2- and 4-year-old females) maintained under the same conditions and fed exactly the same diet. Microbiota diversity and richness did not differ among groups. However, bacterial composition did, highlighting the presence of Photobacterium and Vibrio starting at 2 years of age (females) and a higher presence of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium in 1-year-old males. The core microbiota was defined by 14 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and the groups that showed more OTUs in common were 2- and 4-year-old females. Discriminant analyses showed a clear separation by sex and age, with bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria driving the separation. Pathway analysis performed with the inferred metagenome showed significant differences between 1-year-old males and 4-year-old females, with an increase in infection-related pathways, nitrotoluene degradation and sphingolipid metabolism, and a significant decrease in carbohydrate metabolism pathways with age. These results show, for the first time, how intestinal microbiota is modulated in adult gilthead sea bream and highlight the importance of reporting age and sex variables in these type of studies in fish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:41:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d235a6f9a7bd4f80a84bb475af622b9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:41:36Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d235a6f9a7bd4f80a84bb475af622b9f2022-12-21T18:57:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-10-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.02512487511Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite FishM. Carla Piazzon0Fernando Naya-Català1Paula Simó-Mirabet2Amparo Picard-Sánchez3Francisco J. Roig4Francisco J. Roig5Josep A. Calduch-Giner6Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla7Jaume Pérez-Sánchez8Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, SpainFish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, SpainBiotechvana S.L., Valencia, SpainInstituto de Medicina Genomica, S.L., Valencia, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, SpainFish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), Castellón, SpainIntestinal microbiota is key for many host functions, such as digestion, nutrient metabolism, disease resistance, and immune function. With the growth of the aquaculture industry, there has been a growing interest in the manipulation of fish gut microbiota to improve welfare and nutrition. Intestinal microbiota varies with many factors, including host species, genetics, developmental stage, diet, environment, and sex. The aim of this study was to compare the intestinal microbiota of adult gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) from three groups of age and sex (1-year-old males and 2- and 4-year-old females) maintained under the same conditions and fed exactly the same diet. Microbiota diversity and richness did not differ among groups. However, bacterial composition did, highlighting the presence of Photobacterium and Vibrio starting at 2 years of age (females) and a higher presence of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium in 1-year-old males. The core microbiota was defined by 14 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and the groups that showed more OTUs in common were 2- and 4-year-old females. Discriminant analyses showed a clear separation by sex and age, with bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria driving the separation. Pathway analysis performed with the inferred metagenome showed significant differences between 1-year-old males and 4-year-old females, with an increase in infection-related pathways, nitrotoluene degradation and sphingolipid metabolism, and a significant decrease in carbohydrate metabolism pathways with age. These results show, for the first time, how intestinal microbiota is modulated in adult gilthead sea bream and highlight the importance of reporting age and sex variables in these type of studies in fish.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02512/fullgilthead sea breamintestinal microbiotaagesexintestinal health |
| spellingShingle | M. Carla Piazzon Fernando Naya-Català Paula Simó-Mirabet Amparo Picard-Sánchez Francisco J. Roig Francisco J. Roig Josep A. Calduch-Giner Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla Jaume Pérez-Sánchez Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite Fish Frontiers in Microbiology gilthead sea bream intestinal microbiota age sex intestinal health |
| title | Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite Fish |
| title_full | Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite Fish |
| title_fullStr | Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite Fish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite Fish |
| title_short | Sex, Age, and Bacteria: How the Intestinal Microbiota Is Modulated in a Protandrous Hermaphrodite Fish |
| title_sort | sex age and bacteria how the intestinal microbiota is modulated in a protandrous hermaphrodite fish |
| topic | gilthead sea bream intestinal microbiota age sex intestinal health |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02512/full |
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