Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting
Objective Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term covering a spectrum of medical conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. The FASD Eye Code is a new complementary ophthalmological diagnostic tool created to corroborate the complex FASD diagnosis. The aim of this work was t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2023-07-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001215.full |
| _version_ | 1797309366182871040 |
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| author | Leif Svensson Valdemar Landgren Emelie Gyllencreutz Eva Aring Marita Andersson Grönlund Magnus Landgren Lucyn Ayoub |
| author_facet | Leif Svensson Valdemar Landgren Emelie Gyllencreutz Eva Aring Marita Andersson Grönlund Magnus Landgren Lucyn Ayoub |
| author_sort | Leif Svensson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term covering a spectrum of medical conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. The FASD Eye Code is a new complementary ophthalmological diagnostic tool created to corroborate the complex FASD diagnosis. The aim of this work was to validate the FASD Eye Code by testing it on a second group of children diagnosed with FASD in a clinical setting.Methods and analysis A clinical study was carried out in a group of 21 children (13 males, 8 females, mean age 13.3 years) investigated for suspected FASD and a healthy sex-matched and age-matched control group (n=21). The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including visual perception problems (VPPs) assessment. Clinical examination results were compiled, and total scores were calculated according to the FASD Eye Code protocol (range 4–16).Results The median total score in the FASD group was 8. Eight individuals in the FASD group and none of the controls obtained a total score of ≥9 corresponding to 38% sensitivity and 100% specificity with an area under the curve of 0.90. A cut-off total score of ≥8 showed 52% sensitivity and 95% specificity. One individual in the FASD group versus 12 controls had a total score of 4, representing normal findings. No significant difference between the two groups regarding VPPs was seen.Conclusion The FASD Eye Code can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool for FASD to assist in diagnosis and to detect ophthalmological abnormalities in individuals with suspected FASD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T01:26:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d2474a909639442ca99ff57c06cebee9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2397-3269 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T01:26:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d2474a909639442ca99ff57c06cebee92024-02-14T14:05:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Ophthalmology2397-32692023-07-018110.1136/bmjophth-2022-001215Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical settingLeif Svensson0Valdemar Landgren1Emelie Gyllencreutz2Eva Aring3Marita Andersson Grönlund4Magnus Landgren5Lucyn Ayoub6Region Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Mariestad, SwedenRegion Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Skövde, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, SwedenGillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, SwedenObjective Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term covering a spectrum of medical conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. The FASD Eye Code is a new complementary ophthalmological diagnostic tool created to corroborate the complex FASD diagnosis. The aim of this work was to validate the FASD Eye Code by testing it on a second group of children diagnosed with FASD in a clinical setting.Methods and analysis A clinical study was carried out in a group of 21 children (13 males, 8 females, mean age 13.3 years) investigated for suspected FASD and a healthy sex-matched and age-matched control group (n=21). The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including visual perception problems (VPPs) assessment. Clinical examination results were compiled, and total scores were calculated according to the FASD Eye Code protocol (range 4–16).Results The median total score in the FASD group was 8. Eight individuals in the FASD group and none of the controls obtained a total score of ≥9 corresponding to 38% sensitivity and 100% specificity with an area under the curve of 0.90. A cut-off total score of ≥8 showed 52% sensitivity and 95% specificity. One individual in the FASD group versus 12 controls had a total score of 4, representing normal findings. No significant difference between the two groups regarding VPPs was seen.Conclusion The FASD Eye Code can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool for FASD to assist in diagnosis and to detect ophthalmological abnormalities in individuals with suspected FASD.https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001215.full |
| spellingShingle | Leif Svensson Valdemar Landgren Emelie Gyllencreutz Eva Aring Marita Andersson Grönlund Magnus Landgren Lucyn Ayoub Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| title | Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting |
| title_full | Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting |
| title_fullStr | Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting |
| title_short | Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting |
| title_sort | visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders fasd validating the fasd eye code in a clinical setting |
| url | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001215.full |
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