Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased Films
Food waste is an abundant source of cellulose which can be extracted via mild alkali treatment. The extraction conditions of cellulose fibers can be optimized for reduced chemical and energy use and optimal functionality. This study focused on the optimization of alkali extraction of lignocellulosic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3932 |
| _version_ | 1797463238342868992 |
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| author | Hulya Cakmak Matthijs Dekker |
| author_facet | Hulya Cakmak Matthijs Dekker |
| author_sort | Hulya Cakmak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Food waste is an abundant source of cellulose which can be extracted via mild alkali treatment. The extraction conditions of cellulose fibers can be optimized for reduced chemical and energy use and optimal functionality. This study focused on the optimization of alkali extraction of lignocellulosic fiber from parsley stalks by building an experimental design with the response surface method with alkali concentration (2, 6, and 10%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), fiber:alkali ratio (0.02, 0.035, and 0.05; <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) and extraction temperature (40, 70, and 100 °C) as independent variables, in order to evaluate the effects of extraction conditions on fiber yield and composition of parsley stalks extract (PSE). Following the optimization, PSE and untreated fibers (PF) were incorporated as filler into gum Arabic–sodium alginate-based films, and film properties such as water vapor permeability, optical and thermal properties, Fourier transform infrared spectra and surface morphology of the films were analyzed for evaluating the compatibility of these fillers with the composite film matrix. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as 2% alkali, sample:alkali ratio of 0.0276 and extraction temperature of 40 °C. PSE extracted at optimal conditions was added to the composite films, and water vapor permeability and optical properties were improved by up to 10% PSE compared to films with PF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:47:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d249c8d2716e4f39bdafc92dec4c7162 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:47:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d249c8d2716e4f39bdafc92dec4c71622023-11-24T11:00:59ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-12-011123393210.3390/foods11233932Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased FilmsHulya Cakmak0Matthijs Dekker1Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 Corum, TurkeyFood Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, 9 6708WG Wageningen, The NetherlandsFood waste is an abundant source of cellulose which can be extracted via mild alkali treatment. The extraction conditions of cellulose fibers can be optimized for reduced chemical and energy use and optimal functionality. This study focused on the optimization of alkali extraction of lignocellulosic fiber from parsley stalks by building an experimental design with the response surface method with alkali concentration (2, 6, and 10%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), fiber:alkali ratio (0.02, 0.035, and 0.05; <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) and extraction temperature (40, 70, and 100 °C) as independent variables, in order to evaluate the effects of extraction conditions on fiber yield and composition of parsley stalks extract (PSE). Following the optimization, PSE and untreated fibers (PF) were incorporated as filler into gum Arabic–sodium alginate-based films, and film properties such as water vapor permeability, optical and thermal properties, Fourier transform infrared spectra and surface morphology of the films were analyzed for evaluating the compatibility of these fillers with the composite film matrix. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as 2% alkali, sample:alkali ratio of 0.0276 and extraction temperature of 40 °C. PSE extracted at optimal conditions was added to the composite films, and water vapor permeability and optical properties were improved by up to 10% PSE compared to films with PF.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3932parsley stalkwasteoptimizationcellulose fiberbiodegradable film |
| spellingShingle | Hulya Cakmak Matthijs Dekker Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased Films Foods parsley stalk waste optimization cellulose fiber biodegradable film |
| title | Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased Films |
| title_full | Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased Films |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased Films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased Films |
| title_short | Optimization of Cellulosic Fiber Extraction from Parsley Stalks and Utilization as Filler in Composite Biobased Films |
| title_sort | optimization of cellulosic fiber extraction from parsley stalks and utilization as filler in composite biobased films |
| topic | parsley stalk waste optimization cellulose fiber biodegradable film |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3932 |
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