Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant Bacteria
<i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. (family: Combretaceae) is native to northern Australia. Species of the genus <i>Terminalia</i> are widely used as traditional medicines to treat diverse ailments, including bacterial infections. However, we were unable to find any studie...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/6/1385 |
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| author | Muhammad Jawad Zai Matthew James Cheesman Ian Edwin Cock |
| author_facet | Muhammad Jawad Zai Matthew James Cheesman Ian Edwin Cock |
| author_sort | Muhammad Jawad Zai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. (family: Combretaceae) is native to northern Australia. Species of the genus <i>Terminalia</i> are widely used as traditional medicines to treat diverse ailments, including bacterial infections. However, we were unable to find any studies that had examined the antimicrobial activity of <i>T. canescens</i>. In this study, <i>T. canescens</i> was screened against a panel of bacterial pathogens, including multi-antibiotic-resistant strains. Solvents with different polarities were used to extract different complements of phytochemicals from <i>T. canescens</i> leaves. Methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including those that are multidrug-resistant strains. When combined with some selected clinical antibiotics, some extracts potentiated the antibacterial inhibitory activity. This study identified two synergistic, eleven additive, eleven non-interactive and eight antagonistic interactions. The toxicities of the plant extracts were examined in the <i>Artemia franciscana</i> nauplii assay and were found to be non-toxic, except the aqueous extract, which showed toxicity. Metabolomic liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses highlighted and identified several flavonoids, including vitexin, quercetin, orientin and kaempferol, as well as the tannins ellagic acid and pyrogallol, which may contribute to the antibacterial activities observed herein. The possible mechanism of action of these extracts was further explored in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:58:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d24d8992f700443f9bd3985f6dc2062c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:58:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-d24d8992f700443f9bd3985f6dc2062c2024-03-27T13:57:14ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-03-01296138510.3390/molecules29061385Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant BacteriaMuhammad Jawad Zai0Matthew James Cheesman1Ian Edwin Cock2Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, AustraliaSchool of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, AustraliaCentre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia<i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. (family: Combretaceae) is native to northern Australia. Species of the genus <i>Terminalia</i> are widely used as traditional medicines to treat diverse ailments, including bacterial infections. However, we were unable to find any studies that had examined the antimicrobial activity of <i>T. canescens</i>. In this study, <i>T. canescens</i> was screened against a panel of bacterial pathogens, including multi-antibiotic-resistant strains. Solvents with different polarities were used to extract different complements of phytochemicals from <i>T. canescens</i> leaves. Methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including those that are multidrug-resistant strains. When combined with some selected clinical antibiotics, some extracts potentiated the antibacterial inhibitory activity. This study identified two synergistic, eleven additive, eleven non-interactive and eight antagonistic interactions. The toxicities of the plant extracts were examined in the <i>Artemia franciscana</i> nauplii assay and were found to be non-toxic, except the aqueous extract, which showed toxicity. Metabolomic liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses highlighted and identified several flavonoids, including vitexin, quercetin, orientin and kaempferol, as well as the tannins ellagic acid and pyrogallol, which may contribute to the antibacterial activities observed herein. The possible mechanism of action of these extracts was further explored in this study.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/6/1385<i>Terminalia canescens</i>antibiotic-resistanceESBLMRSAflavonoidtannin |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Jawad Zai Matthew James Cheesman Ian Edwin Cock Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant Bacteria Molecules <i>Terminalia canescens</i> antibiotic-resistance ESBL MRSA flavonoid tannin |
| title | Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_full | Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_short | Phytochemical Evaluation of <i>Terminalia canescens</i> DC. Radlk. Extracts with Antibacterial and Antibiotic Potentiation Activities against Selected β-Lactam Drug-Resistant Bacteria |
| title_sort | phytochemical evaluation of i terminalia canescens i dc radlk extracts with antibacterial and antibiotic potentiation activities against selected β lactam drug resistant bacteria |
| topic | <i>Terminalia canescens</i> antibiotic-resistance ESBL MRSA flavonoid tannin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/6/1385 |
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