Decoding the Tumour Microenvironment: Molecular Players, Pathways, and Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Treatment

The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving collection of cells and extracellular components. Cancer cells and the surrounding environment influence each other through different types of processes. Characteristics of the TME include abnormal vasculature, altered extracellu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eleonora Malavasi, Manuel Adamo, Elisa Zamprogno, Viviana Vella, Georgios Giamas, Teresa Gagliano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-01-01
Series:Cancers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/3/626
Description
Summary:The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving collection of cells and extracellular components. Cancer cells and the surrounding environment influence each other through different types of processes. Characteristics of the TME include abnormal vasculature, altered extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblast and macrophages, immune cells, and secreted factors. Within these components, several molecules and pathways are altered and take part in the support of the tumour. Epigenetic regulation, kinases, phosphatases, metabolic regulators, and hormones are some of the players that influence and contribute to shaping the tumour and the TME. All these characteristics contribute significantly to cancer progression, metastasis, and immune escape, and may be the target for new approaches for cancer treatment.
ISSN:2072-6694